Sunday, May 31, 2015

Alma 19:24-36

Elder L. Tom Perry, member of the Quorum of the Twelve, died yesterday.  A little over a month ago, he was diagnosed with thyroid cancer.  He continued to perform his duties.  Four days earlier, he was too weak to perform his duties.  On Friday, it was announced he had terminal cancer.  It had spread throughout the body.  The next day, he died.

I always enjoyed Elder Perry’s talks. It was almost like listening to a grandfather give me advice on how to live my life.  I developed a great respect and admiration for him.

When the Brigham City Temple was dedicated, we attended the second session.  During the first session, former Brigham City resident, Elder Boyd K. Packer, gave the initial dedicatory prayer.  In our session, Elder Perry gave the dedicatory prayer.  I was please he gave the prayer during our session.  His giving the prayer made the dedication of our temple that much more special for me. 

He will be missed.
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24 And it came to pass that when the multitude beheld that the man had fallen dead, who lifted the sword to slay Ammon, fear came upon them all, and they durst not put forth their hands to touch him or any of those who had fallen; and they began to marvel again among themselves what could be the cause of this great power, or what all these things could mean.
25 And it came to pass that there were many among them who said that Ammon was the Great Spirit, and others said he was sent by the Great Spirit;
26 But others rebuked them all, saying that he was a monster, who had been sent from the Nephites to torment them.
27 And there were some who said that Ammon was sent by the Great Spirit to afflict them because of their iniquities; and that it was the Great Spirit that had always attended the Nephites, who had ever delivered them out of their hands; and they said that it was this Great Spirit who had destroyed so many of their brethren, the Lamanites.
28 And thus the contention began to be exceedingly sharp among them.  And while they were thus contending, the woman servant who had caused the multitude to be gathered together came, and when she saw the contention which was among the multitude she was exceedingly sorrowful, even unto tears.
29 And it came to pass that she went and took the queen by the hand, that perhaps she might raise her from the ground; and as soon as she touched her hand she arose and stood upon her feet, and cried with a loud voice, saying: O blessed Jesus, who has saved me from an awful hell!  O blessed God, have mercy on this people!
30 And when she had said this, she clasped her hands, being filled with joy, speaking many words which were not understood; and when she had done this, she took the king, Lamoni, by the hand, and behold he arose and stood upon his feet.
31 And he, immediately, seeing the contention among his people, went forth and began to rebuke them, and to teach them the words which he had heard from the mouth of Ammon; and as many as heard his words believed, and were converted unto the Lord.
32 But there were many among them who would not hear his words; therefore they went their way.
33 And it came to pass that when Ammon arose he also administered unto them, and also did all the servants of Lamoni; and they did all declare unto the people the selfsame thing—that their hearts had been changed; that they had no more desire to do evil.
34 And behold, many did declare unto the people that they had seen angels and had conversed with them; and thus they had told them things of God, and of his righteousness.
35 And it came to pass that there were many that did believe in their words; and as many as did believe were baptized; and they became a righteous people, and they did establish a church among them.
36 And thus the work of the Lord did commence among the Lamanites; thus the Lord did begin to pour out his Spirit upon them; and we see that his arm is extended to ball people who will repent and believe on his name.
Alma 19:24-36

The brother of the leader of that gang, who was killed by Ammon, was struck dead when he tried to kill Ammon.[1]  They crowd had no idea what was going on.  Some were fearful, others were surprised.  They began to wonder by what power this could have occurred. “The action that most miraculously shows forth the power of God is the death of the man who tries to kill the unconscious Ammon—an event that causes great contention among the people as to the ‘cause of this great power’ (Alma 19:24)” (emphasis in original).[2]

Some said Ammon was the Great Spirit.  Others said he was sent by the Great Spirit.  Others claimed he was a monster “sent from the Nephites to torment them” (Alma 19:26). Others claimed Ammon was sent to punish them because of their sins because the Great Spirit had always delivered the Nephites. 

Abish looked upon the contention and began to mourn.  She had hoped this would be a glorious, spiritual experience; it had turned into chaos.  Because of the contention, Abish took the queen by the hand, hoping to help her stand.  No sooner had she touched the queen’s hand, she stood and began to testify to the crowd.  She proclaimed Jesus had saved her from an awful hell[3] and asked the Lord to have mercy on her people.

She then took Lamoni by the hand and he stood on his feet.  Seeing the contention among the people, he went among them, rebuking them and teaching him Ammon’s words.[4]  Many heard his words and believed.  Many, however, rejected his words and left.[5]

After all this occurred, Ammon stood and began to administer to the people.  The servants of Lamoni assisted Ammon in his efforts.  A change had come over the people.  They no longer had desire to sin.  After his great sermon, King Benjamin’s people had the same desire.  “And they all cried with one voice, saying: Yea, we believe all the words which thou hast spoken unto us; and also, we know of their surety and truth, because of the Spirit of the Lord Omnipotent, which has wrought a mighty change in us, or in our hearts, that we have no more disposition to do evil, but to do good continually” (Mosiah 5:2).

They declared to the people they had seen and conversed with angels who taught them the things of God.

Many were baptized and became a righteous people.  A church was organized among Lamoni’s people.  Here began the work among the Lamanites.  Mormon tells us “and we see that his arm is extended to all people who will repent and believe on his name” (Alma 19:36).


[1] Enoch had received a similar promise from the Lord.  “And it came to pass that Enoch went forth in the land, among the people, standing upon the hills and the high places, and cried with a loud voice, testifying against their works; and all men were offended because of him. And they came forth to hear him, upon the high places, saying unto the tent–keepers: Tarry ye here and keep the tents, while we go yonder to behold the seer, for he prophesieth, and there is a strange thing in the land; a wild man hath come among us. And it came to pass when they heard him, no man laid hands on him; for fear came on all them that heard him; for he walked with God” (Moses 6:37-39).
[3] “And that great pit, which hath been digged for them by that great and abominable church, which was founded by the devil and his children, that he might lead away the souls of men down to hell—yea, that great pit which hath been digged for the destruction of men shall be filled by those who digged it, unto their utter destruction, saith the Lamb of God; not the destruction of the soul, save it be the casting of it into that hell which hath no end” (1 Nephi 14:3).
[4] “Now when Ammon had said these words, he began at the creation of the world, and also the creation of Adam, and told him all the things concerning the fall of man, and rehearsed and laid before him the records and the holy scriptures of the people, which had been spoken by the prophets, even down to the time that their father, Lehi, left Jerusalem. And he also rehearsed unto them (for it was unto the king and to his servants) all the journeyings of their fathers in the wilderness, and all their sufferings with hunger and thirst, and their travail, and so forth.  And he also rehearsed unto them concerning the rebellions of Laman and Lemuel, and the sons of Ishmael, yea, all their rebellions did he relate unto them; and he expounded unto them all the records and scriptures from the time that Lehi left Jerusalem down to the present time. But this is not all; for he expounded unto them the plan of redemption, which was prepared from the foundation of the world; and he also made known unto them concerning the coming of Christ, and all the works of the Lord did he make known unto them” (Alma 18:36-39).
[5] The Savior experienced rejection. “Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you.  Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light.  These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them. But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him” (John 12:35-37).

Friday, May 29, 2015

Alma 19:16-23

16 And it came to pass that they did call on the name of the Lord, in their might, even until they had all fallen to the earth, save it were one of the Lamanitish women, whose name was Abish, she having been converted unto the Lord for many years, on account of a remarkable vision of her father—
17 Thus, having been converted to the Lord, and never having made it known, therefore, when she saw that all the servants of Lamoni had fallen to the earth, and also her mistress, the queen, and the king, and Ammon lay prostrate upon the earth, she knew that it was the power of God; and supposing that this opportunity, by making known unto the people what had happened among them, that by beholding this scene it would cause them to believe in the power of God, therefore she ran forth from house to house, making it known unto the people.
18 And they began to assemble themselves together unto the house of the king.  And there came a multitude, and to their astonishment they beheld the king, and the queen, and their servants prostrate upon the earth, and they all lay there as though they were dead; and they also saw Ammon, and behold, he was a Nephite.
19 And now the people began to murmur among themselves; some saying that it was a great evil that had come upon them, or upon the king and his house, because he had suffered that the Nephite should remain in the land.
20 But others rebuked them, saying: The king hath brought this evil upon his house, because he slew his servants who had had their flocks scattered at the waters of Sebus.
21 And they were also rebuked by those men who had stood at the waters of Sebus and scattered the flocks which belonged to the king, for they were angry with Ammon because of the number which he had slain of their brethren at the waters of Sebus, while defending the flocks of the king.
22 Now, one of them, whose brother had been slain with the sword of Ammon, being exceedingly angry with Ammon, drew his sword and went forth that he might let it fall upon Ammon, to slay him; and as he lifted the sword to smite him, behold, he fell dead.
23 Now we see that Ammon could not be slain, for the Lord had said unto Mosiah, his father: I will spare him, and it shall be unto him according to thy faith—therefore, Mosiah trusted him unto the Lord.
Alma 19:16-23

Abish had never made her conversion known; however, seeing the queen, king, and Ammon laying on the ground, she knew this was because of the power of God.  She believed this scene would cause people to believe in the power of God, so she went from door-to-door telling people what happened.

The people came and were astonished to see the king, queen, and their servants lying on the ground as though they were dead.  They also saw the Nephite, Ammon on the ground.

Sadly, the crowd did not perceive this as a miracle.  The king brought this evil upon himself.  He allowed this Nephite to live in their land.[1] Others said the king brought this evil upon himself because he killed his servants when their flocks were scatted at the waters of Sebus.[2]

In the crowd were members of the same group that was responsible for scattering the flocks and causing all sorts of problems.  They were angry with Ammon because of those who were killed when he defended the king’s flocks. “Some in the crowd said these things were happening because the king ‘slew his servants who had had their flocks scattered at the waters of Sebus’ (Alma 19:20); and the very men who had scattered the king's flocks loudly announced their presence by shouting abuses at Ammon for what he had done ‘to their brethren at the waters of Sebus’ (Alma 19:21).”[3]

The brother of one of the dead saw his chance to exact revenge.  He drew his sword and raised it, ready to give the death blow.  Unfortunately for him, he fell dead on the spot.

The brother of the head man (whom Ammon had killed with his sword) drew his own sword on the spot and made at Ammon (Alma 19:22). So the men had swords but only used clubs. Isn't that odd, and isn't it odd that those same wicked Lamanites walked around right in front of the king's palace where everybody recognized them, and nobody did anything about it? And no one held it against the winning team that they had stolen their flocks back, but the losers were only angry with Ammon because he had thrown rocks and used his sword against men bearing only ceremonial clubs.[4]

Mormon interjects an observation.  We see Ammon could not be killed.  The Lord had promised King Mosiah he would be spared according to Mosiah’s faith.[5] “Not only does Mormon speak to a latter-day audience but he counsels with them and personalizes what they learn from his narratives. ‘Now we se’," he emphasizes, ‘that Ammon could not be slain’ (Alma 19:23)” (emphasis in original)[6]


[1] “And Ammon said unto him: Yea, I desire to dwell among this people for a time; yea, and perhaps until the day I die” (Alma 17:23).
[2] “And after he had been in the service of the king three days, as he was with the Lamanitish servants going forth with their flocks to the place of water, which was called the water of Sebus, and all the Lamanites drive their flocks hither, that they may have water—Therefore, as Ammon and the servants of the king were driving forth their flocks to this place of water, behold, a certain number of the Lamanites, who had been with their flocks to water, stood and scattered the flocks of Ammon and the servants of the king, and they scattered them insomuch that they fled many ways. Now the servants of the king began to murmur, saying: Now the king will slay us, as he has our brethren because their flocks were scattered by the wickedness of these men.  And they began to weep exceedingly, saying: Behold, our flocks are scattered already” (Alma 17:26-28).
[3] The Book of Mormon: Forty Years After, Hugh W. Nibley, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 29, 2015.
[5] “And the Lord said unto Mosiah: Let them go up, for many shall believe on their words, and they shall have eternal life; and I will deliver thy sons out of the hands of the Lamanites” (Mosiah 28:7).
“Therefore they did not fear Ammon, for they supposed that one of their men could slay him according to their pleasure, for they knew not that the Lord had promised Mosiah that he would deliver his sons out of their hands; neither did they know anything concerning the Lord; therefore they delighted in the destruction of their brethren; and for this cause they stood to scatter the flocks of the king” (Alma 17:35).

Wednesday, May 27, 2015

Alma 19:11-16

11 And it came to pass that she watched over the bed of her husband, from that time even until that time on the morrow which Ammon had appointed that he should rise.
12 And it came to pass that he arose, according to the words of Ammon; and as he arose, he stretched forth his hand unto the woman, and said: Blessed be the name of God, and blessed art thou.
13 For as sure as thou livest, behold, I have seen my Redeemer; and he shall come forth, and be born of a woman, and he shall redeem all mankind who believe on his name.  Now, when he had said these words, his heart was swollen within him, and he sunk again with joy; and the queen also sunk down, being overpowered by the Spirit.
14 Now Ammon seeing the Spirit of the Lord poured out according to his prayers upon the Lamanites, his brethren, who had been the cause of so much mourning among the Nephites, or among all the people of God because of their iniquities and their traditions, he fell upon his knees, and began to pour out his soul in prayer and thanksgiving to God for what he had done for his brethren; and he was also overpowered with joy; and thus they all three had sunk to the earth.
15 Now, when the servants of the king had seen that they had fallen, they also began to cry unto God, for the fear of the Lord had come upon them also, for it was they who had stood before the king and testified unto him concerning the great power of Ammon.
16 And it came to pass that they did call on the name of the Lord, in their might, even until they had all fallen to the earth, save it were one of the Lamanitish women, whose name was Abish, she having been converted unto the Lord for many years, on account of a remarkable vision of her father—
Alma 19:11-16

Having received Ammon’s assurance, the queen watched over her husband.  According to the words of Ammon, in the morning the king arose from his bed.

He began to praise the Lord.  He testified he had seen Christ.  Seeing God is most certainly a powerful experience.  The Savior taught, “Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God” (Matthew 5:8).  Before Steven was stoned, “he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the fright hand of God, And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God” (Acts 7:55-56).  John wrote, “Beloved, now are we the sons [GR children, people] of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is” (1 John 3:2).

He prophesied he would be born and redeem all who believe in Him.  He was so full of the Spirit, he once again fell to the ground.  This time, the queen was also overcome by the Spirit. 

Ammon was full of joy seeing the Spirit had poured out upon the king and queen.  This was an answer to his prayers.[1] The Lamanites had turned away from God because of the traditions of their fathers.[2]  Some were now returning to the Lord.

The servants, having seen the king and queen fall to the ground, became worried.  They cried to God, because they had testified about Ammon’s great power. They continued until they, too, fell to the ground.

Here we are introduced to a woman named Abish.  She had accepted Christ was a believer. 

We are told that Abish had been “converted … on account of a remarkable vision of her father.”  This is usually interpreted to mean the vision was her father’s.  Here is an alternate explanation.  “Note that the text does not specify a vision ‘that her father had’ or a ‘vision of her father's.’ It says ‘a vision of her father.’ It seems a better reading to credit Abish with having a vision of her father, which led to her conversion.”[3]


[1] “And the Spirit shall be given unto you by the prayer of faith…” (D&C 42:14).
[2] King Benjamin told his sons, “I say unto you, my sons, were it not for these things, which have been kept and preserved by the hand of God, that we might read and understand of his mysteries, and have his commandments always before our eyes, that even our fathers would have dwindled in unbelief, and we should have been like unto our brethren, the Lamanites, who know nothing concerning these things, or even do not believe them when they are taught them, because of the traditions of their fathers, which are not correct” (Mosiah 1:5).
[3] Nephite Feminism Revisited: Thoughts on Carol Lynn Pearson's View of Women in the Book of Mormon, Reviewed by Kevin and Shauna Christensen, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 27, 2015.

Monday, May 25, 2015

Alma 19:1-10

Chapter 19

Lamoni receives the light of everlasting life and sees the Redeemer—His household fall into a trance, and some see angels—Ammon is preserved miraculously—He baptizes many and establishes a church among them. About 90 B.C.

1 AND it came to pass that after two days and two nights they were about to take his body and lay it in a sepulchre, which they had made for the purpose of burying their dead.
2 Now the queen having heard of the fame of Ammon, therefore she sent and desired that he should come in unto her.
3 And it came to pass that Ammon did as he was commanded, and went in unto the queen, and desired to know what she would that he should do.
4 And she said unto him: The servants of my husband have made it known unto me that thou art a prophet of a holy God, and that thou hast power to do many mighty works in his name;
5 Therefore, if this is the case, I would that ye should go in and see my husband, for he has been laid upon his bed for the space of two days and two nights; and some say that he is not dead, but others say that he is dead and that he stinketh, and that he ought to be placed in the sepulchre; but as for myself, to me he doth not stink.
6 Now, this was what Ammon desired, for he knew that king Lamoni was under the power of God; he knew that the dark veil of unbelief was being cast away from his mind, and the light which did light up his mind, which was the light of the glory of God, which was a marvelous light of his goodness—yea, this light had infused such joy into his soul, the cloud of darkness having been dispelled, and that the light of everlasting life was lit up in his soul, yea, he knew that this had overcome his natural frame, and he was carried away in God—
7 Therefore, what the queen desired of him was his only desire.  Therefore, he went in to see the king according as the queen had desired him; and he saw the king, and he knew that he was not dead.
8 And he said unto the queen: He is not dead, but he sleepeth in God, and on the morrow he shall rise again; therefore bury him not.
9 And Ammon said unto her: Believest thou this?  And she said unto him: I have had no witness save thy word, and the word of our servants; nevertheless I believe that it shall be according as thou hast said.
10 And Ammon said unto her: Blessed art thou because of thy exceeding faith; I say unto thee, woman, there has not been such great faith among all the people of the Nephites.
Alma 19:1-16

After a period of two days and two nights, the body of King Lamoni was going to be moved to a sepulchre. 

The queen, having heard of Ammon, sent for him.  He went before they queen and asked what she wanted of him.

The queen told Ammon the servants told her he was a prophet of God and had power to do might works.  She asked him to go into her husband.  Those who believed he was dead claimed the smell of decomposition was present.  They queen disagreed.  “It appears that Lamoni's queen used her own powers of observation (‘as for myself, to me he doth not stink’), investigation ‘The servants of my husband have made it known unto me that . . .’), and judgment to know that Lamoni was not dead before calling Ammon to confirm her evaluation (see Alma 19:4–5).”[1]

Ammon had experience a situation like this earlier in his life.  “Lamoni was seemingly on his deathbed for three days and was even believed to be dead by many of his people (Alma 19:5). Ammon understood that this was not the case, as he had previously witnessed Alma's equivalent experience.”[2]

Ammon was pleased because this is what he wanted.  Through his knowledge of Alma’s experience, he knew what was happening.  The veil of disbelief was being lifted.  “But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost: In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them” (2 Corinthians 4:3-4).

Darkness was being replaced by light. 

Both physically and figuratively, light and whiteness are associated with truth, purity, and divine guidance, just as darkness is associated with unbelief and error (for example, see Alma 40:14). To move from darkness to light gives concrete meaning to the process of redemption. This is apparent in Lamoni's experience when he entered unconsciousness into a dark condition but arose from it enlightened—the “dark veil of unbelief was being cast away from his mind, and the light . . . of everlasting life was lit up in his soul” (Alma 19:6).[3]

Ammon went in and saw the king as the queen had requested.  Seeing the king, he knew he was not dead.  Ammon returned and told the queen the king “sleepeth in God” (Alma 19:8) and he would awake again on the next day.

Physical sleep also symbolizes a type of spiritual darkness.24 Anticipating his eldest sons' problems, Lehi challenges them (and their posterity) to “awake from a deep sleep, yea, even from the sleep of hell” (2 Nephi 1:13). Spiritually benighted Nephites also are awakened by the Lord “out of a deep sleep, and they [awake] unto God” (Alma 5:7). An example of this change is the story of the Lamanite king Lamoni. On believing the words of Ammon, Lamoni falls to the earth as though dead. After two days and two nights, Ammon tells Lamoni's queen that her husband “sleepeth in God, and on the morrow he shall rise again” (Alma 19:8). His rising is like a resurrection and redemption.[4]

Ammon asked the queen if she believed his words.  While she had only the words of her servants and Ammon’s words, she believed and accepted his words as being the truth.[5]

Ammon responded that she was blessed because of her faith.  “[T]here has not been such great faith among all the people of the Nephites” (Alma 19:10). “By believing Ammon, a witness for the Lord's hand in the matter, [the queen] demonstrated a faith greater than any Ammon had witnessed among the Nephites (see Alma 19:10). She was quite obviously teachable and amenable to the Spirit, despite her elevated social status and Ammon's servant/alien status.”[6]


[1] Women In the Book of Mormon: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Interpretation, Camille S. Williams, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 25, 2015.
[3] Book of Mormon Imagery, Richard Dilworth Rust, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 25, 2015.
[4] “Not Cast Off Forever” – Imagery, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 25, 2015.
[5] The Savior asked Martha much the same question.  “Jesus said unto [Martha], I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die…” Believest thou this (John 11:25-26).
[6] Women In the Book of Mormon: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Interpretation, Camille S. Williams, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 25, 2015.

Saturday, May 23, 2015

Alma 18:32-43

32 And Ammon said: Yea, and he looketh down upon all the children of men; and he knows all the thoughts and intents of the heart; for by his hand were they all created from the beginning.
33 And king Lamoni said: I believe all these things which thou hast spoken.  Art thou sent from God?
34 Ammon said unto him: I am a man; and man in the beginning was created after the image of God, and I am called by his Holy Spirit to teach these things unto this people, that they may be brought to a knowledge of that which is just and true;
35 And a portion of that Spirit dwelleth in me, which giveth me knowledge, and also power according to my faith and desires which are in God.
36 Now when Ammon had said these words, he began at the creation of the world, and also the creation of Adam, and told him all the things concerning the fall of man, and rehearsed and laid before him the records and the holy scriptures of the people, which had been spoken by the prophets, even down to the time that their father, Lehi, left Jerusalem.
37 And he also rehearsed unto them (for it was unto the king and to his servants) all the journeyings of their fathers in the wilderness, and all their sufferings with hunger and thirst, and their travail, and so forth.
38 And he also rehearsed unto them concerning the rebellions of Laman and Lemuel, and the sons of Ishmael, yea, all their rebellions did he relate unto them; and he expounded unto them all the records and scriptures from the time that Lehi left Jerusalem down to the present time.
39 But this is not all; for he expounded unto them the plan of redemption, which was prepared from the foundation of the world; and he also made known unto them concerning the coming of Christ, and all the works of the Lord did he make known unto them.
40 And it came to pass that after he had said all these things, and expounded them to the king, that the king believed all his words.
41 And he began to cry unto the Lord, saying: O Lord, have mercy; according to thy abundant mercy which thou hast had upon the people of Nephi, have upon me, and my people.
42 And now, when he had said this, he fell unto the earth, bas if he were dead.
43 And it came to pass that his servants took him and carried him in unto his wife, and laid him upon a bed; and he lay as if he were dead for the space of two days and two nights; and his wife, and his sons, and his daughters mourned over him, after the manner of the Lamanites, greatly lamenting his loss.
Alma 18:32-43

Ammon has been teaching King Lamoni the gospel.  After learning about Heaven, he asked if it is above the Earth.

He taught him all things were created by the hand of God.  “For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, The God of hosts, is his name” (Amos 4:13).

Lamoni expressed his acceptance of Ammon’s teachings.  He next asked Ammon is he was sent from God. “Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear” (2 Chronicles 24:19).

Ammon responded he is a man, created after God’s image.  “And never have I showed myself unto man whom I have created, for never has man believed in me as thou hast.  Seest thou that ye are created after mine own image?  Yea, even all men were created in the beginning after mine own image” (Ether 3:15).

He was called by the Holy Spirit to teach the Lamanites the word of God.  “And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing [GR persuasive] words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power” (1 Corinthians 2:4).  “If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God; if any man minister, let him do it as of the ability which God giveth: that God in all things may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise and dominion for ever and ever.  Amen” (1 Peter 4:11).

Ammon explains a portion of the Spirit resides in him.  It gives him knowledge as well as power based on his faith and desires in God.  Ammon began teaching the King beginning with the fall of man.  His teachings were form the Nephite scriptures. 

Speaking of the brass plates, King Benjamin told the people, “For it were not possible that our father, Lehi, could have remembered all these things, to have taught them to his children, except it were for the help of these plate… and [taught] them to his children, that thereby they could teach them to their children, and so fulfilling the commandments of God, even down to this present time” (Mosiah 1:4).[1] 

Alma emphasized their importance when passing the records on to Helaman1. “Yea, I say unto you, were it not for these things that these records do contain, which are on these plates, Ammon and his brethren could not have convinced so many thousands of the Lamanites of the incorrect tradition of their fathers; yea, these records and their words brought them unto repentance; that is, they brought them to the knowledge of the Lord their God, and to rejoice in Jesus Christ their Redeemer” (Alma 37:9).

Ammon, speaking to the King and his servants, recounted the journeys and sufferings of Lehi’s party.  He also explained the rebellions of Laman, Lemuel, and the sons of Ishmael.  He referred to the brass plates as well as Nephite records that had been kept.  “The written records of the Nephites, which were essential in maintaining their adherence to the Lord's commandments, consisted of the brass plates of Laban (specified as scripture) as well as their own written histories, some of which were also considered scripture (Alma 18:38)."[2]

Ammon now begins to preach the plan of salvation to the King.  He taught him the plan was prepared before the world was formed.  He also taught him about the coming of Christ.  Having taught all these things, the king accepted the principles taught him by Ammon.

The Book of Mormon does show the Nephite kings and even some of the Lamanite kings enacting the appropriate Messianic roles, including Benjamin's apparent acting as the high priest during the atonement rites and King Lamoni (Alma 18:41—43; 19:1—16) prefiguring the death and ascent of the Messiah. Lamoni's story is particularly resonant in this connection.[3]

Having heard and accepted Ammon’s words, King Lamoni cries out to the Lord, asking Him to have mercy on him and his people.  No sooner did he say this, than he feel to the ground and appeared dead.

His servants took him to his wife.  He was placed on a bed and lay for two days and night.  He was mourned by his wife, sons, and daughters in traditional Lamanite style.



[1] Aaron followed this same method when he taught the Lamanites. “And it came to pass that when Aaron saw that the king would believe his words, he began from the creation of Adam, reading the scriptures unto the king—how God created man after his own image, and that God gave him commandments, and that because of transgression, man had fallen” (Alma 22:12).
[2] Moses' Brazen Serpent as It Relates to Serpent Worship in Mesoamerica, Wallace E. Hunt Jr., Maxwell Institute, accessed May 23, 2015.
[3] "Paradigms Regained" – Temple Traditions after the Deuteronomist Reform, Kevin Christensen, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 23, 2015.

Wednesday, May 20, 2015

Alma 18:12-31

12 And it came to pass that when Ammon had made ready the horses and the chariots for the king and his servants, he went in unto the king, and he saw that the countenance of the king was changed; therefore he was about to return out of his presence.
13 And one of the king's servants said unto him, Rabbanah, which is, being interpreted, powerful or great king, considering their kings to be powerful; and thus he said unto him: Rabbanah, the king desireth thee to stay.
14 Therefore Ammon turned himself unto the king, and said unto him: What wilt thou that I should do for thee, O king?  And the king answered him not for the space of an hour, according to their time, for he knew not what he should say unto him.
15 And it came to pass that Ammon said unto him again: What desirest thou of me?  But the king answered him not.
16 And it came to pass that Ammon, being filled with the Spirit of God, therefore he perceived the thoughts of the king.  And he said unto him: Is it because thou hast heard that I defended thy servants and thy flocks, and slew seven of their brethren with the sling and with the sword, and smote off the arms of others, in order to defend thy flocks and thy servants; behold, is it this that causeth thy marvelings?
17 I say unto you, what is it, that thy marvelings are so great?  Behold, I am a man, and am thy servant; therefore, whatsoever thou desirest which is right, that will I do.
18 Now when the king had heard these words, he marveled again, for he beheld that Ammon could discern his thoughts; but notwithstanding this, king Lamoni did open his mouth, and said unto him: Who art thou?  Art thou that Great Spirit, who knows all things?
19 Ammon answered and said unto him: I am not.
20 And the king said: How knowest thou the thoughts of my heart?  Thou mayest speak boldly, and tell me concerning these things; and also tell me by what power ye slew and smote off the arms of my brethren that scattered my flocks—
21 And now, if thou wilt tell me concerning these things, whatsoever thou desirest I will give unto thee; and if it were needed, I would guard thee with my armies; but I know that thou art more powerful than all they; nevertheless, whatsoever thou desirest of me I will grant it unto thee.
22 Now Ammon being wise, yet harmless, he said unto Lamoni: Wilt thou hearken unto my words, if I tell thee by what power I do these things?  And this is the thing that I desire of thee.
23 And the king answered him, and said: Yea, I will believe all thy words.  And thus he was caught with guile.
24 And Ammon began to speak unto him with boldness, and said unto him: Believest thou that there is a God?
25 And he answered, and said unto him: I do not know what that meaneth.
26 And then Ammon said: Believest thou that there is a Great Spirit?
27 And he said, Yea.
28 And Ammon said: This is God.  And Ammon said unto him again: Believest thou that this Great Spirit, who is God, created all things which are in heaven and in the earth?
29 And he said: Yea, I believe that he created all things which are in the earth; but I do not know the heavens.
30 And Ammon said unto him: The heavens is a place where God dwells and all his holy angels.
31 And king Lamoni said: Is it above the earth?
Alma 18:12-31

Alma had finished his chores and returned to the King.  When he arrived, he noticed the expression on the King’s face and decided he should leave.

He was addressed by a servant with the honorific, Rabbanah (powerful king).  The king wanted Ammon to stay.

Ammon approached the King and asked, “What wilt thou that I should do for thee, O king?”  There was silence for an hour.  “In this scene of dramatic irony, we know that Ammon has turned down the opportunity to be king in order to be a missionary servant to Lamoni and his people. He, however, never reveals that to Lamoni. Indeed, he maintains the respectful stance of a servant: ‘What wilt thou that I should do for thee, O king?’ (Alma 18:14).[1]  He repeated the question again at the end of the hour.

Being filled with the Spirit of God, Ammon knew the King’s thought.  Ammon asked if he wanted to see him because he defended the servants and flocks as well as killing seven of the gang.  Is he surprised because he did these things?

Ammon told the King he is only a man, and his servant.  Whatever he desired, that was right, he would do. 

Knowing Ammon could know his thoughts, he asked him, “Who are you?  Are you the Great Spirit?” Ammon replied he was not.

Then, the King asked, how do you know my thoughts?  He told him to respond as he saw fit, explaining how he knew his thoughts as well as protecting his flocks and servants.  If Ammon explains these things to him, he will protect him with his armies, even though he is more powerful than they are.

Ammon asked Lamoni if he would listen to his words if he explains the power by which he did what he did.  This is what he asked of the King.  Lamoni responded he would believe all Ammon said.  He began questioning the King.

Do you, he asked, believe in God?  Lamoni didn’t know what was meant by God.  Ammon asked if he believed there was a Great Spirit.  Lamoni stated he did.  Ammon explained the Great Spirit is God. 

He asked, Do you believe the Great Spirit, who is God, created all things in heaven and earth.  Lamoni accepted God created all things in earth, but he did not understand what was meant by heaven.  Ammon explained this is where God dwells. 

Monday, May 18, 2015

Alma 18:1-10

Chapter 18

King Lamoni supposes that Ammon is the Great Spirit—Ammon teaches the king of the creation, of God's dealings with men, and of the redemption that comes through Christ—Lamoni believes and falls to the earth as if dead. About 90 B.C.

1 AND it came to pass that king Lamoni caused that his servants should stand forth and testify to all the things which they had seen concerning the matter.
2 And when they had all testified to the things which they had seen, and he had learned of the faithfulness of Ammon in preserving his flocks, and also of his great power in contending against those who sought to slay him, he was astonished exceedingly, and said: Surely, this is more than a man.  Behold, is not this the Great Spirit who doth send such great punishments upon this people, because of their murders?
3 And they answered the king, and said: Whether he be the Great Spirit or a man, we know not; but this much we do know, that he cannot be slain by the enemies of the king; neither can they scatter the king's flocks when he is with us, because of his expertness and great strength; therefore, we know that he is a friend to the king.  And now, O king, we do not believe that a man has such great power, for we know he cannot be slain.
4 And now, when the king heard these words, he said unto them: Now I know that it is the Great Spirit; and he has come down at this time to preserve your lives, that I might not slay you as I did your brethren.  Now this is the Great Spirit of whom our fathers have spoken.
5 Now this was the tradition of Lamoni, which he had received from his father, that there was a Great Spirit.  Notwithstanding they believed in a Great Spirit they supposed that whatsoever they did was right; nevertheless, Lamoni began to fear exceedingly, with fear lest he had done wrong in slaying his servants;
6 For he had slain many of them because their brethren had scattered their flocks at the place of water; and thus, because they had had their flocks scattered they were slain.
7 Now it was the practice of these Lamanites to stand by the waters of Sebus to scatter the flocks of the people, that thereby they might drive away many that were scattered unto their own land, it being a practice of plunder among them.
8 And it came to pass that king Lamoni inquired of his servants, saying: Where is this man that has such great power?
9 And they said unto him: Behold, he is feeding thy horses.  Now the king had commanded his servants, previous to the time of the watering of their flocks, that they should prepare his horses and chariots, and conduct him forth to the land of Nephi; for there had been a great feast appointed at the land of Nephi, by the father of Lamoni, who was king over all the land.
10 Now when king Lamoni heard that Ammon was preparing his horses and his chariots he was more astonished, because of the faithfulness of Ammon, saying: Surely there has not been any servant among all my servants that has been so faithful as this man; for even he doth remember all my commandments to execute them.
Alma 18:1-10

The servants of Lamoni went before him and recounted what had happened.  Lamoni was amazed.  Alma, a Nephite, was a loyal servant of the Lamanite king.  He wondered aloud if he was the Great Spirit.  He feared he had been sent to punish them because the king had killed servants who lost parts of his flocks.

The servants replied they had no idea if he was the Great Spirit or not.  All they know is he cannot be killed by their enemies and they can’t scatter the king’s flocks because of his strength.[1]  They emphasize he is a friend of the king and has great power and cannot be slain.

The words of his servants convinced Lamoni Ammon was the Great Spirit.  He had come to preserve the lives of the servants.[2]

Though the Lamanite tradition believed there was a Great Spirit, the believed whatever they did was right.  Lamoni was beginning to doubt this, fearing his treatment of his servants was wrong.  Many servants had been killed because flocks had been scattered.

The servants had been killed because of the “games” played by the Lamanite gang, scattering flocks.  “If ever there was an authentic piece of Bedouin mischief that is it. And of course it led to fights and reprisals in the best desert manner (Alma 18:6). Among others these rascals scattered the flocks of their own king and yet continued active in the social and political life of the community—how weak and poorly organized a government, and how typical of the East! (Alma 17:26—27; 19:21).”[3]

Lamoni next asked where is Ammon? He was told he was feeding his horses.

What about horses in the Book of Mormon?  In high school, I took German classes.  One year, we were given Reader’s Digest magazine in German.  We were assigned to translate articles into English.  I joked with Mr. Naylor, my teacher, I’d just copy an article in the German issue from an English issue.  He said we could if we wanted to and left it at that.  I wasn’t’ serious about doing it, so I picked an article about the late astronaut Alan Shepherd, which I had read in the English issue.  I quickly learned that, while the actual content was the same, when I translated the article, it was not exactly like it was in English.

This can be applied to the Book of Mormon.  What was meant when horses were mentioned?  Did they mean the animal we think of as a horse?  We don’t know.

We do have an example, however.  When the Greeks arrived in Egypt, they saw strange animals in the Nile.  They called them river horses.  “hippopotamus (n.) 1560s, from Late Latin hippopotamus, from Greek hippopotamus "riverhorse" (earlier ho hippos ho potamios "the horse of the river"), from hippos "horse" (see equine) + potamos "river, rushing water" (see potamo-). Replaced Middle English ypotame (c. 1300), which is from the same source but via Old French. Glossed in Old English as sæhengest.”[4]

Never in my wildest imagination would I consider a hippopotamus anything like a horse.  The fact is we have no idea what was meant by horses in the Book of Mormon.  Based on the Greek experience, it is not too farfetched to believe the word for horse referred to a different animal.

[T]he Book of Mormon claims only that horses were known to some New World peoples before the time of Christ in certain limited regions of the New World. Thus we need not conclude from the text that horses were universally known in the Americas throughout pre-Columbian history. Moreover, the Book of Mormon never says that horses were ridden or used in battle, although some passages suggest that at times they may have been used by the elite as a draft animal (see, for example, Alma 18:9; 3 Nephi 3:22).

Lamoni’s father, who was king over all the land, was having a great feast.  Ammon was getting things ready for his travels to the feast. He was surprised by Ammon’s faithfulness at fulfilling his commands.


[1] “But Ammon stood forth and began to cast stones at them with his sling; yea, with mighty power he did sling stones amongst them; and thus he slew a certain number of them insomuch that they began to be astonished at his power; nevertheless they were angry because of the slain of their brethren, and they were determined that he should fall; therefore, seeing that they could not hit him with their stones, they came forth with clubs to slay him” (Alma 17:36).
[2] “Now the servants of the king began to murmur, saying: Now the king will slay us, as he has our brethren because their flocks were scattered by the wickedness of these men.  And they began to weep exceedingly, saying: Behold, our flocks are scattered already” (Alma 17:28).
[3] An Approach to the Book of Mormon – Lehi in the Desert, Hugh Nibley, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 18, 2015.
[4] http://www.etymonline.com/, entry “hippopotamus,” accessed May 18, 2015.

Saturday, May 16, 2015

Alma 17:31-39

31 And it came to pass that he flattered them by his words, saying: My brethren, be of good cheer and let us go in search of the flocks, and we will gather them together and bring them back unto the place of water; and thus we will preserve the flocks unto the king and he will not slay us.
32 And it came to pass that they went in search of the flocks, and they did follow Ammon, and they rushed forth with much swiftness and did head the flocks of the king, and did gather them together again to the place of water.
33 And those men again stood to scatter their flocks; but Ammon said unto his brethren: Encircle the flocks round about that they flee not; and I go and contend with these men who do scatter our flocks.
34 Therefore, they did as Ammon commanded them, and he went forth and stood to contend with those who stood by the waters of Sebus; and they were in number not a few.
35 Therefore they did not fear Ammon, for they supposed that one of their men could slay him according to their pleasure, for they knew not that the Lord had promised Mosiah that he would deliver his sons out of their hands; neither did they know anything concerning the Lord; therefore they delighted in the destruction of their brethren; and for this cause they stood to scatter the flocks of the king.
36 But Ammon stood forth and began to cast stones at them with his sling; yea, with mighty power he did sling stones amongst them; and thus he slew a certain number of them insomuch that they began to be astonished at his power; nevertheless they were angry because of the slain of their brethren, and they were determined that he should fall; therefore, seeing that they could not hit him with their stones, they came forth with clubs to slay him.
37 But behold, every man that lifted his club to smite Ammon, he smote off their arms with his sword; for he did withstand their blows by smiting their arms with the edge of his sword, insomuch that they began to be astonished, and began to flee before him; yea, and they were not few in number; and he caused them to flee by the strength of his arm.
38 Now six of them had fallen by the sling, but he slew none save it were their leader with his sword; and he smote off as many of their arms as were lifted against him, and they were not a few.
39 And when he had driven them afar off, he returned and they watered their flocks and returned them to the pasture of the king, and then went in unto the king, bearing the arms which had been smitten off by the sword of Ammon, of those who sought to slay him; and they were carried in unto the king for a testimony of the things which they had done.
Alma 17:31-39

Having seen his opportunity to show his fellow servants the power of the Lord, he told them to cheer up.  They would search for the flocks, gather them together, and return them to the king.  This they did.  They quickly gathered them together once again at the watering hole.

The same group responsible for scattering the flocks gathered to scatter them once again.  Ammon ordered his fellow servants to make a circle around the flocks, preventing them from running away. Ammon told them he would contend with the gang. 

It was done.  The flocks were protected and Ammon confronted the gang.  Mormon tells us “they were in numbers not a few” (verse 34).

When they saw Ammon heading towards them, they were not concerned   He was only one man.  They had no doubt he would be dispatched of quickly and easily. 
They did not know the Lord had promised to protect Ammon.[1]  Remember, to them, it was a game.

 Well, for one thing the Lamanites played the game for sport; it was more than meat that they were after, for “they delighted in the destruction of their brethren; and for this cause they stood to scatter the flocks of the king” (Alma 17:35). They thought it was great sport. The Arabs have a saying, “If we cease ghāza, we will cease to live. Aghāza is a raid; our word raid is from the Arabic ghāza. They must raid or life isn't worth living. “Life is raiding.”[2]

When he was ready, Ammon collect rocks and began flinging them at the gang using his sling.  While they were amazed at what he could do, they were angry because he killed some of the gang.  Even worse, despite their best efforts, they couldn’t hit Ammon.  They took their clubs and approached Ammon with the intent of killing him.

While defending the flocks of King Lamoni, Ammon was attacked by a band of brigands who had been marauding in the region. He killed a number of them … with his sling, after which "they came forth with clubs to slay him. But behold, every man that lifted his club to smite Ammon, he smote off their arms with his sword; for he did withstand their blows by smiting their arms with the edge of his sword" (Alma 17:36-37). This incident is important since it clearly indicates that Nephite swords were edged weapons used for cutting. Thrusting or stabbing with swords is rarely mentioned in the Book of Mormon.7 The weapon is generally "raised" and is used to "smite," which imply a cutting action, as explicitly described in the incident with Ammon.[3]

Anyone who lifted a club against Ammon had their arms cut off with his sword.  What were the swords used by Ammon?  John Tvedtnes speculates:

The sword of Laban appears to have been a relic possessed by the kings. We read that King Benjamin (who, in Omni 1:24, leads the Nephites against the Lamanites) wielded the sword in battle (see Words of Mormon 1:13). He passed the weapon to his son Mosiah at the time Mosiah became king (see Mosiah 1:16), about 130 B.C. It is not impossible that this was the sword used by the king's son, Ammon, against the Lamanite raiders some forty years later (see Alma 17:37-39). Possibly his training in the use of such weapons resulted from his royal status.[4]

Matthew Roper also writes:

Those familiar with Mesoamerican warfare and historical descriptions of this weapon would not view this as a problem. Those Spaniards who encountered Mexican "swords" in battle were deeply impressed by their deadly cutting power and razorlike sharpness.34 Here are a few statements that adequately illustrate this point:
These swords cut naked men as if they were steel.35
Their swords, which were as long as broadswords, were made of flint which cut worse than a knife, and the blades were so set that one could neither break them nor pull them out.36
They slashed at his mare, cutting her head at the neck so that it only hung by the skin.37
They killed the mare with a single sword-stroke.38
There were shields large and small, and a sort of broadsword, and two-handed swords set with flint blades that cut much better than our swords.[5]

Seeing how effective he as with the swords, the gang fled for their safety.

While six had fallen from being hit by stones from Ammon’s sling, only the leader of the gang was killed by Ammon with the sword.

Having run off the gang, they returned the kings flock to pasture.  He went before the king and presented him the arms that had been cut off as a testimony of the things they had done.

Hugh Nibley sums up:

Well, for one thing the Lamanites played the game for sport; it was more than meat that they were after, for “they delighted in the destruction of their brethren; and for this cause they stood to scatter the flocks of the king” (Alma 17:35). The fun of it was their main interest, but Ammon spoiled the fun when he “stood forth and began to cast stones at them with his sling.” They were outraged: “They began to be astonished [and] angry” (Alma 17:36)—he wasn't playing fair. So they came after him with clubs; why only clubs? He had a sword. There is only one way you can wield a club; you cannot cut or thrust with it but have to raise it up over your head and thus expose your arms. Ammon took full advantage of the situation, slicing away at the arms raised against him. And yet, with his overwhelming advantage, Ammon “slew none save it were their leader with his sword” (Alma 17:38). He knocked six of them out with his sling and cut off the arms of others as they raised their clubs, but he only contended with the leader to death. After that, the winning party or team brought back the trophies to the king, “bearing the arms which had been smitten off by the sword of Ammon” (Alma 17:39).[6]


[1] “And the Lord said unto Mosiah: Let them go up, for many shall believe on their words, and they shall have eternal life; and I will deliver thy sons out of the hands of the Lamanites” (Mosiah 28:7).
[3]Warfare in the Book of Mormon – Swords in the Book of Mormon, William J. Hamblin and A. Brent Merrill, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 16, 2015.
[4] Warfare in the Book of Mormon – Book of Mormon Tribal Affiliation and Military Castes, John A. Tvedtnes, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 16, 2015.
[5] On Cynics and Swords, Matthew Roper, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 16, 2015.
[6] The Book of Mormon: Forty Years After, Hugh W. Nibley, Maxwell Institute, accessed May 16, 2015.