Tuesday, June 5, 2012

Gospel Doctrine Lesson 24


Lesson 24: Give Us Strength According to Our Faith-in Christ

Purpose

To help class members recognize the importance of honoring their foreordained roles, callings, and priesthood responsibilities and to help them understand that following the counsel of prophets helps us enter into the rest of the Lord.

Scriptures

·         Alma 13. Alma gives a powerful discourse on the priesthood and the doctrine of foreordination.
·         Alma 14. Alma, Amulek, and other faithful believers are persecuted for their righteousness. The Lord delivers Alma and Amulek from prison because of their faith in Christ.
·         Alma 15. Zeezrom is healed and baptized. Many people in Sidom are baptized.
·         Alma 16. The words of Alma are fulfilled as the Lamanites destroy Ammonihah. The Lord prepares people's hearts to receive the word preached by Alma, Amulek, and others.

What are the most important parts of the lesson for you to  cover?  I would suggest:

·         13:1-12 – The importance of foreordination, faith, and righteousness in the callings of priests (Melchizedek priesthood), but it applies to all callings we receive in the church.
·         13:16-19 - Ordinances were given so we would look forward to the Son of God.
·         14:8-14 – This is the horrific account of the burning of women and children because of their beliefs.  Many wrestle with this and ask why the Lord would allow this to occur.  There are some great scriptures and additional support materials that help us better understand why an event like this occurred.
·         14:15-29 - Alma2 and Amulek’s experience in prison.  This is a great tale of righteousness and faith.  It is also a good follow-up to the horrific account in verse 8-14.
·         15:3-12 – The healing of Zeezrom.  Once again, this is a great conversion tale.  Here we have one of the strongest opponents of Alma2 and Amulek recognizing his sin and the consequences of his sin.  We also learn that it is through our faith that we are healed.
·         15:16-18 – We learn the great sacrifice Amulek made when he accepted the Gospel.  Would we have the strength to do the same?
·         16:13-21 – The gospel is preached to the Nephites, they become righteous, and gain a temporary victory over the devil.

This is a lot of material for 45-minutes.  This is just a suggestion.  We all need to the Spirit to we know what is best for our Ward members, what information in this lesson will they need to help them.

Chapter 13

Men are called as high priests because of their exceeding faith and good works—They are to teach the commandments—Through righteousness they are sanctified and enter into the rest of the Lord—Melchizedek was one of these—Angels are declaring glad tidings throughout the land—They will reveal the actual coming of Christ. About 82 B.C.

Review of Scriptures in Chapter 13

·         1-3 – The Lord ordains priests after the order of his Son; men are called before the foundation of the world.
o   1 – Ordained priests, after order of Son, to teach to the people.
o   2 – Ordained after order of Son; people know what manner to look forward to his Son for redemption.
o   3  - Priest were called and prepared from foundation of world; this is according to foreknowledge of God.
o   Alison V.P. Coutts writes:
§  “From this passage we learn that ordinations to the priesthood in mortality are a result of (1) preparation of the individual in premortality (given that the ‘world’ was ‘founded’ before it was physically created), (2) faith and good works, (3) choices of good over evil, (4) the opportunity to exercise faith, and (5) the provision of redemption. It follows that these stipulations are part of a plan that was conceived before the earth was created, even a plan to direct the creation of the earth and the course of its inhabitants. This gave me hope that I too was part of a plan; I mattered, and my being here on earth was not just a convergence of biological events.”[1]
·         4-9 – Priest called because of faith; do not harden hearts; called and ordained through holy calling; ordained to teach being called with holy calling; become high priests forever.
o   4-6 – Priest called because of faith; others would reject Spirit of God because of hard heart; all were on the same standing; those called refused to harden their hearts and accept the atonement of Christ; after being called, they were ordained “unto the high priesthood of the holy order of God;” teach commandments to people.
o   7-9 – High priesthood after the order of his Son was before foundation of world; without beginning of days or end of years; being prepared for all eternity; called, ordained, and take upon themselves high priesthood without beginning or end; become high priests forever.
o   M. Catherine Thomas wrote:
§  “Of course, as people do in this world, the maturing spirits in the premortal world advanced at different rates and to different levels of spirituality, though Alma says that they were initially on the same standing with each other (Alma 13:5); that is, they had equal opportunity to advance, but some rejected the Spirit of God ‘on account of the hardness of their hearts and blindness of their minds’ (Alma 13:4) and did not make the progress that would have given them the privilege of entering the holy order.”[2]
o   Additional scripture references:
§  And Melchizedek [HEB King of righteousness]  king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.
Genesis 14:18
§  FOR this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;
To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;
Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.
Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.
Hebrews 7:1-4
For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.
John 1:17
FOR every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins:
Hebrews 5:1
WHEREFORE, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus;
Who was faithful to him that appointed him, as also Moses was faithful in all his house.
Hebrews 3:1-2
Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered;
And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him;
Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec.
Hebrews 5:8-10
·         10-12 – Many were ordained because of exceeding faith, repentance, and righteousness before God; called after His holy order; garments washed with through blood of Lamb; sanctified by Holy Ghost; pure and spotless before God.
o   10 – Many made high priests because of exceeding faith/repentance/ righteousness before God; chose to repent and work righteousness.
o   11 – Called after holy order; sanctified; garments washed white through the blood of the Lamb.
o   Thomas Valletta wrote:
§  “As with all prophets before and after the meridian of time, Melchizedek is a type of Jesus Christ. He was called ‘the prince of peace’ (Alma 13:18) as a type of the Prince of Peace. As righteous as Melchizedek was—and, as Alma declared, ‘none were greater’ (Alma 13:19)—Jesus Christ, not Melchizedek, is the righteous one. Alma made it clear through his teaching that while Melchizedek was an excellent example, those who enter into the holy order are ‘washed white through the blood of the Lamb’ (Alma 13:11). The ordinances of the holy order were given in such a manner ‘that thereby the people might look forward on the Son of God’ (Alma 13:16).”[3]
·         13-15 – We should humble ourselves before God; bring forth fruit meet for repentance; Abraham paid tithes to Melchizedek.
o   13 – We are to humble ourselves before God and bring forth the fruits of repentance.
o   14 – We should humble ourselves as the people in the days of Melchizedek did; he was a high priest after the order of the Son of God.
o   15 – Abraham paid tithes (one-tenth of all he possessed) to Melchizedek.
·         16-19 – Ordinances were given so people would look forward to the Son of God; Melchizedek King of Salem; people were wicked; Melchizedek exercised mighty faith and received priesthood; people repent.
o   16 – Ordinances were given as a type of Melchizedek’s order; look forward to Son of God for remission of sins.
o   17Melchizedek was king of Salem; people were extremely wicked.
o   18 – He exercised might faith and received the priesthood;  he preached repentance to his people; they repented of their sins; He established peach in his land; called the prince of peace (a type of Christ for us to look forward to).
      • Hugh Nibley writes:
        • “Then he tells about Melchizedek and his people. These people were as bad as they could be, yet they were saved. What this shows us is that it is possible, making all eligible for judgment. If it is possible for the most wicked to become righteous, as Jeremiah says, then we are all responsible for not becoming righteous. Don't say you ‘have stepped in too far, that wade no more would be as tedious as go o'er.’ “[4]
      • Sidney Sperry adds:
        • “In Alma 13:14—19 is found a discourse upon Melchizedek, the great high priest mentioned in Genesis 14. Not only is Melchizedek accepted as an individual to whom Abraham paid tithes (cf. Genesis 14:20), but he is accepted as one of the greatest spiritual characters who ever lived. Details are given of him which are not found in our present Old Testament.”[5]
o   19 – Many came before and after Melchizedek but none were greater.
·         20-23 – Scriptures available; if you distort them it will be to their destruction; Alma2 called people to repent; voice of Lord through angels declare it also; made known in plain terms.
o   Hugh Nibley writes:
§  “It can be done, just as it can be done with the Constitution or anything else—you can wrest them. How can you avoid that natural tendency to wrest them in your own interest? Of course, take them in their full context and with prayer. Prayer doesn't give me a franchise to give my personal interpretation and impose it on anybody else.”[6] 
o   20 – You have the scriptures available to you; if you twist their meaning, it will be to your destruction.
o   21  - Alma2 tells people the time to repent is now; day of salvation is near.
o   22 – Voice of the Lord, through angels declare it to all nations; tidings of great joy is made to all nations.
o   23 – They are made known is plain languages so we can understand them without making a mistake.
·         24-26 – Angels are declaring the day of salvation in the land; we only wait for the joyful news; new shall be made known to just and holy men.
o   24 – Angels declare day of salvation to prepare hearts of men to receive the coming of the Son of God.
o   25 – We wait with joy for that day to be declared; Alma2 wishes it would be in his day; will be sooner or later and he will rejoice.
o   26 – His coming will be made known to just and holy men by angels; He will come that the words of their fathers will be filled.
§  Amos 3:7 tells us:
·         Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.
§  Matthew Roper writes:
·         “[Alma2] and others were preparing the hearts of the people of their land to receive Christ's word when he came among them, just as Nephi promised they would need to do. Christ would come among them, Alma says, ‘that the words of our fathers may be fulfilled, according to that which they have spoken concerning him, which was according to the spirit of prophecy which was in them.’“[7] 
·         27-31 - Alma2 closes his words with an appeal to them to listen to and accept his words; don’t procrastinate the day of your repentance; cast off their sins; humble themselves before the Lord; watch and pray continually; be led by the Spirit; repent and receive eternal life and the rest of God; may they not be bound by the chains of hell and suffer the second death, the spiritual death, being cut off from God.
o   27 - Alma2 pleads with people to listen to his words, cast off sins, and not delay repentance.
o   28 – Humble yourself before the Lord; watch and pray continually; pray not to be tempted beyond what you can bear; be led by the Spirit, be humble, meek, submissive, patient, full of love, long suffering.
§  Paul wrote (1 Corinthians 10:13):
·         There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it.
§  M. Catherine Thomas writes:
·         “It is interesting that Alma mentions humility, patience, and love as the spiritual tools of resistance to Satan.
“How important it is for us to know that the spirits who followed Satan in the great rebellion in Heaven got here before even Adam and Eve and are still here. What are they doing? They are influencing you and me. They dwell in the hearts of the children of men (see Mosiah 3:6). We are their victims until we learn to discern what is of God from what is not of God. There are only two options and only two voices…”[8]  
§  Reed Benson writes:
·         “The antidote for pride is humility, ‘a broken heart and a contrite spirit’ (3 Ne. 9:20, 12:19). Men can choose to do those things that will foster the growth of humility: they can choose to confess and forsake their sins, forgive others, receive counsel and chastisement, esteem others as themselves, render service, love God, and submit to his will (Benson, 1989, p. 7). By yielding ‘to the enticing of the Holy Spirit,’ the prideful individual can become ‘a saint through the atonement of Christ’ and become ‘as a child, submissive, meek, humble’ (Mosiah 3:19; cf. Alma 13:28).”[9] 
o   29 – Have faith in the Lord; hope to receive eternal life; have love of God in your hearts; do this to be lifted up at the last day.
o   30 – May Lord grant you repentance; repentance will keep you from being bound by chains of hell; prevent second death.
o   31 – Mormon ends Alma2’s words here even though more was said.

Chapter 14

Alma and Amulek are imprisoned and smitten—The believers and their holy scriptures are burned by fire—These martyrs are received by the Lord in glory—The prison walls are rent and fall—Alma and Amulek are delivered and their persecutors are slain. About 82–81 B.C.

Review of Scriptures in Chapter 14

·         1-3 – Alma2 and Amulek have some success; many repented and began to search the scriptures; more wanted to destroy Alma2 and Amulek; they spoke with plainness so their words were understood; again they complain they have “reviled against law and judges; they sought to “put them away.”
o   1 – After speaking, many believed their words; they began to repent and search scriptures.
o   2 – Most were angry and wanted to destroy Alma2 and Amulek; angry with Alma2 because of the “plainness of his words;” claimed Amulek had lied; once again we see the tired old complaint they reviled against their law, lawyers, and judges.
o   3 – Angry Alma2 and Amulek because they had testified so plainly against their wickedness; they wanted to “put them away privily.”
·         Richard Rust sums up what happened.
o   “Alma steps forth and speaks to Zeezrom, his first audience, in words that are ‘heard by the people round about; for the multitude was great’ (Alma 12:2).Two groups emerge in this multitude. The first group, after Alma's sermon, ‘did believe on his words, and began to repent, and to search the scriptures’ (Alma 14:1). The ‘more part of them,’ however, ‘were desirous that they might destroy Alma and Amulek; for they were angry with Alma, because of the plainness of his words unto Zeezrom’ (Alma 14:2). A fourth audience—whom we can imagine standing at the head of the group of people who desire to destroy Alma and Amulek—is Antionah, ‘a chief ruler among them’ (Alma 12:20).”[10]
·         4-5 – Bound and taken before chief judge; people witness against them; charges listed.
o   4 – People decided not to put them away; bound them and took them before chief judge.
o   5 – People witnessed against them and listed charges:
§  They had disparaged their law.
§  They had disparaged their judges and lawyers.
§  They had disparaged all the people in the land. (Nothing like leaving no stone unturned!)
§  They testified there was only one God.
§  They testified he would send his Son among the people.
§  God’s Son would not save the people.
·         6-7 – Zeezrom astonished by what was taught; knew words were lies; cried to people saying he was guilty; plead for Alma2 and Amulek; reviled by the people.
o   6 – Zeezrom believed words taught; knew he was responsible for lies and “blindness of minds;” he became aware of his guilt; he was encircled by the “pains of hell.”
§  “Pains of hell” is a powerful phrase.
§  Discussing the beauty of this phrase, Cynthia Hallen wrote:
·         “As authors, our works can be as beautiful as ‘the place of Mormon, the waters of Mormon, the forest of Mormon’ to readers who are refugees from the wilderness of wickedness (Mosiah 18:30). The power of divinely inspired words can liberate people from the pains of hell, enabling them to ‘sing redeeming love’ (Alma 5:9; 26:13).”[11] 
§  John Tvedtnes wrote about Alma2 and the pains of hell.
·         “In later years, he told his son Helaman how he had been ‘racked with eternal torment, for [his] soul was harrowed up to the greatest degree and racked with all [his] sins. Yea, [he] did remember all [his] sins and iniquities, for which [he] was tormented with the pains of hell’ (Alma 36:12–13). Alma dwelt on the ‘inexpressible horror’ that did rack [his] soul’ (Alma 36:14; see also Alma 36:16). As he was ‘racked with torment’ and ‘harrowed up by the memory of [his] many sins, he remembered his father's teachings of Christ, who would come ‘to atone for the sins of the world’ (Alma 36:17).”[12]
·         7 – Cried to people; confessed his guilt; said Alma2 and Amulek were “spotless” before God; plead for them; people turned on one of their, now former, favorites; claimed Zeezrom was possessed of the devil; spit on him; cast him out; also cast out those who believe Alma2 and Amulek; sent people to cast stones at them.
o   Reminiscent of the woman caught in adultery.
§  So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.
And again he stooped down, and wrote on the ground.
And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last; and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst.
John 8:7-9 (Emphasis mine)
§  We now read about one of the most horrific and evil actions in the Book of Mormon.
·         8-9 – The wives, children, and those who believed were brought together and cast into fire; records containing the holy scriptures; Alma2 and Amulek were also brought to the fire to witness what is occurring.
o   (Personal comments) What is it about the wicked that causes them to perform such evil and horrendous deeds?  Here we see innocent women and children die a painful death because of their beliefs.  They’ve broken no laws.  They’ve done nothing wrong.  They just have the audacity to believe things that other don’t.  Yet, the wicked kill them. Why does the Lord allow this?
·         10 – Amulek wanted to exercise their priesthood powers and put an end to it (I would have been fully with Amulek!).
·         11 – Alma2 told them they could do nothing; “[t]he Spirit constraineth me;” the Lord receives “them up unto himself in glory.” (I can’t help but think this had to be one of the hardest things Alma2 ever did, standing there and doing nothing even though he knew it was the will of the Lord.)
o   (Personal comments)They have their free agency.  They can choose wicked and appalling acts like this.  The day will come when their victims will stand as a witness against them. They must stand before God and answer for their actions.  When that day comes, they will be cast off and condemned to be “encircled with the pains of hell.” (verse 6)  Justice will eventually be done.
o   Hugh Nibley commented:
§  “Alma and Amulek had witnessed that [burning of heretics], that horrible thing which I assure you is quite routine in religious history. Irony, isn't it? They are all religious, these [burning of heretics]—the burning of women and children and books in big piles. It has happened not once but hundreds of times...
§  “The hardest test of all is holding back. It's not blowing up or doing violence. This is the test to which they are being subjected now in any action... Alma is being tested here to the breaking point…” [13]
o   Thomas Valletta points out the consequences of this criminal act.
§  “Prior to the final Lamanite invasion that completely destroyed the city, the wicked had turned against even their own blood by ‘cast[ing] into the fire" their innocent wives and children who had "believed or had been taught to believe in the word of God’ (Alma 14:8). The consequences of following the order of Nehor were that ‘every living soul of the Ammonihahites was destroyed, and also their great city, which they said God could not destroy, because of its greatness’ (Alma 16:9).”[14] 
·         12-13 – Amulek asks if they will be burned also; Alma2 responds if it be the will of the Lord, but our work is not done, we will not be burned.
o   Alma2 seems very calm at this moment.  I believe the Spirit was with him so strongly that he was able to deal with this calmly, regardless of his feelings.
§  14-15 – The fires had barely gone out and Alma2 and Amulek are brought before the chief judge; he smote on the face and asks a series of questions:
o   Are you still going to preach to this people after you’ve seen what we’ve done and we will do again?  
o   Neither you nor God has the power to save just because they were of your faith.  
o   What do you have to say in your defense?  
§  16-17 – The judge was “after the order and faith of Nehor; Alma2 and Amulek show their contempt for the judge in the best way possible – quite contempt; they refuse to responds; they are cast into prison.
o   Hugh Nibley observes:
§  “The judge said, ‘Behold, ye see that ye had not power to save those who had been cast into the fire; neither has God saved them because they were of thy faith.’ You saw what happened, etc. This judge was after the manner of Nehor. Notice, the [order of] Nehors is a permanent establishment which begins way back in the first chapter of Alma…
“This is religious persecution by the establishment. The burning was [a sentence to death by fire]. But they answered nothing, and that's infuriating …Remember, they mocked Jesus for a long time. The New Testament tells us that they made mockery of him and the gospel…”[15]
§  18 – After three days in prison, lawyers, judges, priests, and teachers came and questioned Alma2 and Amulek; they maintained a contemptuous silence.
§  19 – Judge threatens Alma2 and Amulek; says he has power to burn them; commands them to speak; Alma2 and Amulek reuse.
§  20 – People leave and return the next day; they attempted to humiliate them by hitting them in the face; challenged their right to judge the people; if they are so powerful, why can’t they free themselves.
§  21 – They were very angry that they could not get them to talk (gnashing their teeth); they spat on them; they mocked them (How shall we look when we are doomed?).
§  22 – They did this to Alma2 and Amulek for many days; they withheld food and water; they left them naked in their cell; they bound them with strong cords.
o   People also mocked and abused Christ.
§  28 And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe.
29  ¶ And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a breed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews!
30  And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head.
31  And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him.
37  And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
38  Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.
39  ¶ And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,
40  And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself.  If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.
41  Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said,
42  He saved others; himself he cannot save.  If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him.
43 He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God.
Matthew 27:28-31; 37-43
o   Daniel C. Peterson once commented on the tone found in a message board with comments written by those who oppose the Church.  He likened them to those who were persecuting Alma2 and Amulek.
§  “Contemplating a depressing number of the posters on that board, I have thought to myself, ‘If this is what liberation from the Mormon “myth” makes you—a vulgar and sometimes duplicitous crank, cackling with malice and spite—then I would prefer to spend the few brief years left to me (before I dissolve into the irreversible and never-ending oblivion many of the board's atheistic contributors prophesy for me and all humankind) with people who have not been liberated.’ I think of the apostates of Ammonihah, mocking Alma and Amulek in prison, ‘gnashing their teeth upon them, and spitting upon them, and saying: How shall we look when we are damned?’ (Alma 14:21). Surely the damned will not look much different from this.” [16]
·         23 – After many days, the usual suspects returned to the prison.
·         24 – Chief judge smote them again; chief judge demands a sign – deliver yourself from prison and we will believe (uh, oh, be careful what you wish for…)
o   Christ taught us about those who seek signs.
§  38 ¶ Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.
§  39 But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:
§  40 For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
Matthew 12:38-40
o   Hugh Nibley comments:
§  “Well, here's the old chestnut [in verse 24]: ‘If ye have the power of God deliver yourselves from these bands.’ They asked Jesus to bring himself down from the cross if he could. And, of course, they asked for a sign. They all went forth and smote them again, and this routine went on until Alma and Amulek had had about enough.”[17] 
·         26 – Alma2 cries to Lord; asks for strength (“according to our faith which is in Christ”) to be delivered; broke cord; people fled fearing their destruction.
·         27 – Before they reached the outer door, they fell to earth; earth began to shake; the walls of the prison collapsed; and those who asked for a sign got their sign (chief judge, lawyers, priests, and teachers died when the walls collapsed).
·         28 - Alma2 and Amulek walked out of rubble, safe; Lord granted their request according to their faith; everyone else in the prison died.
·         29 – Multitudes cam to see what happened; saw Alma2 and Amulek walked out of ruble, safe; people struck with fear and fled.
o   Hugh Nibley describes these events.
§  “They broke the bonds, which they could not have done by their own strength. When the people saw that they were terrified and tried to put as much distance as they could between them and Alma and Amulek. So what did they do? They all made for the gate. There was a rush and there was a earthquake. You notice that miracles are in the timing, not in the event. This was earthquake country. It's not surprising that there was a earthquake, but just at that moment was when it was helpful. They all made a rush for the gate, so naturally they crowded the exit. They jammed the exit, nobody could get out, the gate collapsed, and they were all killed there. The only safe people were Alma and Amulek who stayed behind. [The people] tried to get as far from them as they could.”[18] 

Chapter 15

Alma and Amulek go to Sidom and establish a church—Alma heals Zeezrom, who joins the Church—Many are baptized and the Church prospers—Alma and Amulek go to Zarahemla. About 81 B.C.

Review of Scriptures in Chapter 15

·         1 - Alma2 and Amulek commanded to leave; they come to the land of Sidom; find those who had been cast out because they believed Alma2 and Amulek.
·         2 – They related all that had happened since they were cast out.
·         3 - Alma2 and Amulek find Zeezrom ill with a burning fever; illness caused by his wickedness and assumption Alma2 and Amulek were dead; they were slain because of his wickedness; he feared he had no chance for deliverance.
·         4 – Zeezrom heard Alma2 and Amulek were in Sidom; he sent a message asking them to come to him.
o   Hugh Nibley remarked:
§  “Well, Zeezrom was there in Sidom; it was a safe place for these people. Sidom was a tolerant city, apparently. Zeezrom was there sick of a burning fever. He was obsessed with guilt, which drove him out of his mind. His fever was actually an escape because he wanted to die. Verse 3: ‘And this great sin, and his many other sins, did harrow up his mind until it did become exceedingly sore, having no deliverance [he couldn't stand it]; therefore he began to be scorched with a burning heat.’ The fever was part of his sickness which he brought upon himself … ‘And his mind also was exceedingly sore because of his iniquities.’ See, he was out of his mind. He was having terrible mental anguish because of the things he had done. This was the cause of his sickness; this will bring it on every time.”[19] 
·         5 - Alma2 and Amulek quickly went Zeezrom; they found him ill and mind sore because of his sins; he asked Alma2 and Amulek to heal him.
·         6-9 - Alma2 doesn’t immediately heal him; he asks do you believe in the power of Christ unto salvation?; he responds that he believes all the words he was taught; Alma2 responds if he believes in Christ’s redemption, he can be healed; Zeezrom responds he believes all his words.
·         10-11 - Alma2 cries unto the Lord, asking him to heal Zeezrom according to his faith; Zeezrom immediately jumps out of bed and walks; the people were astonished and the story spread throughout the land.
o   Notice, before Zeezrom is healed, he has to affirm his faith.  Once he does, he is healed through his faith in Alma2 and Christ.
o   Hugh Nibley observes:
§  “[Zeezrom] is sick to the point of death and destruction, but salvation is to be saved from any dire condition you are in. From any desperate end to which you might come the power of Christ will save you. Here he is right in the depths, and [Alma] is saying, do you believe in the power of Christ to save you? ‘And he answered and said: Yea, I believe all the words that thou hast taught. ‘This means if you believe it, you can come back, they say. Verse 8: ‘And Alma said: If thou believest in the redemption of Christ thou canst be healed.’ Redemption means ‘to buy back, to let you in again, to take you back home again; like the prodigal son. He [the Savior] will do it as long as you repent. As long as you are here, you can do it. It's redemption, he says, according to the faith. Is faith the power that does that, or is it Jesus Christ or what? Well, faith is the power that plugs us in; it's not the power [that heals]. It plugs us into the circuit, so to speak. The power is always there; we are surrounded by an enormous amount of power all the time. By applying faith we make it accessible to us; we make it useful for us. We are able to plug in, to use a vulgar expression, but that's the sort of thing you do. You open your mind to faith, and then you are able to do it, remembering this.”[20] 
·         12  - Alma2 baptizes Zeezrom; he preaches the gospel to the people.
·         13-14 - Alma2 establishes church in the land of Sidon; he consecrated priests and teachers; they received authority to baptize; they baptized many; people came from all around to be baptized.
·         15 – In spite of all that happened in Ammonihah; they remained a hard-hearted and stiffnecked people; they did not repent; they attributed the power of Alma2 and Amulek to the devil; they refused to believe in repentance.
o   Christ was also accused of doing his miracles through the power of the devil.
§  Then was brought unto him one possessed with a devil, blind, and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake and saw.
And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David?
But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils.
And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand:
And if Satan cast out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom stand?
And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your children cast them out?  therefore they shall be your judges.
But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you.
Matthew 12:22-28
·         16 – Amulek gave up all he had (gold, silver, precious things) and was rejected by his former friends, father, and his kindred (he lost everything when he chose to serve the Lord).
o   Christ told us:
§  So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple.
Luke 14:33
·         17 - Alma2 established the church at Sidom; people were beginning to humble themselves; they assembled together to worship God; they watched and prayed continually they might be delivered from Satan, death, and destruction.
·         18 - Alma2 and Amulek return to land of Zarahemla; they go to Alma2’s home; Alma2 administers to Amulek in his time of tribulation.

Chapter 16

The Lamanites destroy the people of Ammonihah—Zoram leads the Nephites to victory over the Lamanites—Alma and Amulek and many others preach the word—They teach that after his resurrection Christ will appear to the Nephites. About 81–77 B.C.

Review of Scriptures in Chapter 16

·         1-3 – Along peace as broken by the cry of war heard throughout the land; Lamanite armies attacked Ammonihah; some were carried away into the wilderness.
·         4-5 – Nephites wanted to free the captives; Zoram, the chief captain, went to inquire of Alma2 what the Lord wanted them to do.
o   Here we see a common practice where religion and war are connected. 
o   William Hamblin writes:
§  “Religion and warfare were closely connected in the Book of Mormon. Certain elements of the Israelite patterns of ‘holy war’ were continued in the Book of Mormon, such as the important ancient idea that success in war was due fundamentally to the will of God and the righteousness of the people (Alma 2:28; 44:4—5; 50:21; 56:47; 57:36; 58:33; Morm. 2:26). Nephite armies consulted prophets before going to battle (Alma 16:5; 43:23—24; 3 Ne. 3:19) and entered into covenants with God before battle.”[21] 
·         6 - Alma2 inquired of the Lord; he was told the Lamanites will cross the river Sidon in south wilderness; this is where the army should meet the Lamanites to deliver the captives.
·         7-8 – Zoram marched the army to where the Lord told Alma2 they would find the Lamanite armies; the battle began and Zoram’s army scattered the Lamanites into the wilderness; they also were able to free the captives; not one captive was lost.
·         9-10 – The Lamanites had destroyed the people of Ammonihah; every living thing was destroyed; the city that could not be destroyed in a day was; it was left desolate; dogs and wild beasts “mangled” the carcasses of the dead.
o   John Welch explains that the destruction of Ammonihah falls with the bounds of divine laws.
§  “When the justice of God destroyed that city, Alma effectively showed in the record that this fate befell them in accordance with divine law … The law demanded that the city should be destroyed completely by fire, ‘and it shall be a heap for ever.’ Alma records, ‘Every living soul of the Ammonihahites was destroyed, and also their great city, . . . [and] their dead bodies were heaped up upon the face of the earth’ (Alma 16:9-11). Alma does not say how Ammonihah was destroyed, but that fire was involved would have been normal.”[22]
·         11 – Eventually, the bodies were brought together and covered with a shallow covering; the stench was so overpowering people did not posses Ammonihah for many years; called the Desolation of the Nehors.
·         12 – There was peace for a period of three years.
·         13-14 - Alma2 and Amulek went out preaching repentance to the people; they preached to any and all who would listen.
·         15 - Alma2 and Amulek and others who had been chosen preached throughout all the land; the church was established throughout the land, among all the Nephites.
·         16-17 – There was not inequality among the Nephites; the Lord’s Spirit was poured out on all the land to prepare the people for the coming of the Lord; this was so they would receive the word with joy; if they did they might enter into the rest of the Lord.
o   Hugh Nibley observes:
§  “Alma and Amulek went forth, and also many more went forth to preach. So they started a motion going. In verse 15 many went forth to preach after their example. So they established the church throughout all the land, and it ‘became general throughout the land, in all the region round about, among all the people of the Nephites [this is wonderful; this movement spread] And there was no inequality among [all the people].’ Whoever thought it would end up that way? But there was still preparation, and we are still being prepared. ‘The Lord did pour out his Spirit on all the face of the land to prepare the minds of the children of men, or to prepare their hearts to receive the word which should be taught among them at the time of his coming.’ That was to be seventy-eight years later. (We are still being prepared; we haven't gone all the way.)…”[23] 
·         18 – Priests taught people against:
o   Lyings
o   Deceiving
o   Envying
o   Strifes
o   Malice
o   Reviling
o   Stealing
o   Robbing
o   Plundering
o   Murdering
o   Committing adultery
o   All manner of lasciviousness
·         19 – They taught that shortly, the Son of God would come; He would suffer and die; He would be resurrected from the dead.
·         20 – People asked where the Son of God would come; they were taught He would visit them after his resurrection; this brought joy to the people.
o   Richard Dilworth Rust wrote:
§  “Righteous Nephite people anticipated two great events: the mortal birth and ministry of Jesus and his promised visit to the Nephites after his resurrection. Just as Nephite Saints knew the approximate time of Jesus's birth (e.g., through prophecies by Lehi and Samuel the Lamanite), so they knew in advance when and where the resurrected Savior would visit them in the New World. Those who gathered at the temple in Bountiful had long anticipated and prepared for their experience, having been taught that Jesus ‘would appear unto them after his resurrection’ (Alma 16:20). One can imagine a continuing heritage of anticipation among the faithful. For instance, Mormon connects some righteous members of the church described in Alma 16 with persons 112 years later who continued their ancestors' belief system and were carefully prepared in advance to be at the Bountiful Temple and meet the Savior when he came.”[24] 
o   Matthew Roper commented:
§  “Alma wants to prepare the people in his land, so that they will prepare their children for Christ's coming among them. So Alma appears to know that Christ will not come in his lifetime, but in the lifetime of at least some of the rising generation, information which, it is reasonable to assume, he learned from the records in his possession. So when Mormon states a few years earlier, ‘And many of the people did inquire concerning the place where the Son of God should come; and they were taught [why not by Alma who would already have known from the scriptures in his possession?] that he would appear unto them after his resurrection; and this the people did hear with joy and gladness’ (Alma 16:20).”[25] 
·         21 – When the church had been established throughout the land; the pure word of God  was preached; the Lord  poured blessings on the people; they were able to gain victory over the devil.
o   Richard Dilworth Rust writes about the victory over the devil as the church grew.
§  “… in Alma 16 the Nephites win a physical victory over the desolating Lamanites who have made incursions into the land of the Nephites. But there is another battle as well—the battle of righteousness. First, the wicked people of Ammonihah, who had imprisoned Alma and Amulek and burned the wives and children of their followers, are destroyed at the hands of the Lamanites; second, Alma and Amulek go forth to preach the word throughout all the land and get ‘the victory over the devil’‘ (Alma 16:21).”[26]


[1] From a Convert's Viewpoint, Alison V.P. Coutts, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, , accessed October 31, 2011.
[2] Alma the Younger, Part 1, M. Catherine Thomas, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 1, 2011.
[3] Conflicting Orders: Alma and Amulek in Ammonihah, Thomas R. Valletta, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 2, 2011.
[4] Lecture 49: Alma 12-14, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 2, 2011
[5] The Book of Mormon and the Problem of the Pentateuch, Sidney B. Sperry, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 2, 2011.
[6] Lecture 49: Alma 12-14, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 3, 2011.
[7] A More Perfect Priority? Matthew Roper, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 3, 2011.
[8] Alma the Younger, Part 2, M. Catherine Thomas, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 3, 2011.
[9] Pride, Reed A. Benson, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 3, 2011.
[10] "Know the Covenants of the Lord" – Sermons, Richard Dilworth Rust, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 4, 2011.
[11] Beauty on the Mountains: Inspiration from the Book of Mormon for LDS Writers, Cynthia L. Hallen, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 4, 2011.
[12] The Voice of an Angel, John A. Tvedtnes, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 4, 2011.
[13] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 5, 2011.
[14] Conflicting Orders: Alma and Amulek in Ammonihah, Thomas R. Valletta, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 5, 2011.
[15] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 5, 2011.
[16] Reflections on Secular Anti-Mormonism, Daniel C. Peterson, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 6, 2011.
[17] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 6, 2011.
[18] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 7, 2011.
[19] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 7, 2011.
[20] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 7, 2011.
[21] Warfare in the Book of Mormon, William J. Hamblin, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 9, 2011.
[22] The Destruction of Ammonihah and the Law of Apostate Cities, John W. Welch, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 10, 2011.
[23] Lecture 50: Alma 14-17, Hugh W. Nibley, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 10, 2011.
[25] A More Perfect Priority? Matthew Roper, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 11, 2011.
[26] "Great Things the Lord Hath Done" - Epic Elements, Richard Dilworth Rust, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, accessed November 11, 2011.


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