Friday, January 31, 2020

1 Nephi 21


Chapter 21

The Messiah will be a light to the Gentiles and will free the prisoners-Israel will be gathered with power in the last days-Kings will be their nursing fathers-Compare Isaiah 49. About 588–570 B.C.

Isaiah 49:1-6 contains the second in a series of four Servant Songs.[1] In chapter 21, we find this in verses 1-8.

These words are for the whole of Israel. It doesn’t matter where they are; there are those who were “broken off and are driven out because of the wickedness of … my people” (1 Nephi 21:1). He also addresses those who are in the “isles.” Nephi would write, “And behold, there are many who are already lost from the knowledge of those who are at Jerusalem. Yea, the more part of all the tribes have been led away; and they are scattered to and fro upon the isles of the sea; and whither they are none of us knoweth, save that we know that they have been led away” (1 Nephi 22:4).

Jacob would teach the Nephites…

“And now, my beloved brethren, seeing that our merciful God has given us so great knowledge concerning these things, let us remember him, and lay aside our sins, and not hang down our heads, for we are not cast off; nevertheless, we have been driven out of the land of our inheritance; but we have been led to a better land, for the Lord has made the sea our path, and we are upon an isle of the sea.
“But great are the promises of the Lord unto them who are upon the isles of the sea; wherefore as it says isles, there must needs be more than this, and they are inhabited also by our brethren.
“For behold, the Lord God has led away from time to time from the house of Israel, according to his will and pleasure. And now behold, the Lord remembereth all them who have been broken off, wherefore he remembereth us also” (2 Nephi 10:20-22).

The first verse in the entire Doctrine and Covenants refers to all people. “Hearken, O ye people of my church, saith the voice of him who dwells on high, and whose eyes are upon all men; yea, verily I say: Hearken ye people from afar; and ye that are upon the islands of the sea, listen together” (D&C 1:1).

The servant was called from the womb. From the bowels of his mother, mention was made of his name.

“Scriptural talk of bowels descends from ancient patterns of thought that place the emotions in particular internal organs. Rage, lust, hunger, joy, compassion, and so on were once considered not as abstract moods or psychological states but as passions associated with specific anatomical parts. For the Hebrews, the lêb or heart was the vital center of human life, the place where we think as well as feel. For the Greeks, the phrenes had a similar role, but whether we should associate them with the lungs diaphragm or heart is still debated. Other organs could be assigned emotional roles, such as, joy to the liver due to its large size, or discomfort to the kidneys. In such feelings, the true character of a person was thought to be localized. Consider Jeremiah 20:12: ‘O Lord of hosts, that triest the righteous and seest the reins and the heart.’ The point that the Lord’s gaze can pierce humans to the center of their being is clear enough, but we rarely note that the reins here are the kidneys, reins being an obsolete term (compare renal, French rein).

“Nevertheless, modern everyday language still often reproduces ancient habits of thought. The case of the heart shows that organ talk not only prevailed prior to modern medicine, but is still very much a part of modern English speechways. We speak of breath taking music, heartbreaking stories, gut-wrenching suffering, stomach knotting tension, fire in the belly. or a burning in the bosom. I might ‘spill my guts’ to get something ‘off my chest,’ or, as the era off of Joseph Smith would have it, ‘unbosom my feelings.’ A plucky athlete, we say, has heart, as a courageous soldier has guts, an irascible person has spleen, and a coward is a lily-livered person.”[2] (emphasis in original)

The Lord made his mouth like a sharp sword. He is hidden in the shadow of His hand. He has been made a polished shaft, hidden in His quiver.

“Only a few Old Testament references to the hand of God suggest a person being ‘in’ the hand of God. One of the most prominent is in Isaiah referring to the Suffering Servant (whom Latter-day Saints usually interpret as Christ, or perhaps any prophetic messenger) … The most likely Hebrew equivalent to the English term “instrument” would be kly, which can refer to either a weapon or a tool. Explicit military words used in this verse (‘sharp sword,’ ‘polished shaft,’ and ‘quiver’) certainly seem to make the Servant in this passage an instrument or weapon in the hand of the Lord. Thus the Book of Mormon expression ‘an instrument in the hand of God’ is a possible development from the picture of the Servant as potential conqueror.”[3]

The Lord tells Israel they are His servant, through “whom I will be glorified” (1 Nephi 21:3). Israel has always been the Lord’s servant. “For unto me the children of Israel are servants; they are my servants whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 25:55).

Joseph Smith was also the Lord’s servant.

“Verily, I say unto my servant Joseph Smith, Jun., or in other words, I will call you friends, for you are my friends, and ye shall have an inheritance with me-
“I called you servants for the world’s sake, and ye are their servants for my sake” (D&C 93:45-46).

He had “labored in vain.” His strength was spent and nothing came of it. His judgment and work is with the Lord and God.

“Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.
“Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness” (Isaiah 55:1-2).

The Lord that “formed [Isaiah] from the womb.” (1 Nephi 21:5). “Thus saith the Lord, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the Lord that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself” (Isaiah 44:24).

He expected Isaiah to bring Jacob to Him even if Israel is not gathered. The servant would “be glorious in the eyes of the Lord, and [his] God shall be [his] strength” (1 Nephi 21:5).

The Lord said “it is a light thing” (1 Nephi 21:6) to raise the tribes of Jacob and restore Israel. “All these are the twelve tribes of Israel [Tribe of Reuben, Tribe of Simeon, Tribe of Levi, Tribe of Judah, Tribe of Issachar, Tribe of Zebulun, Tribe of Dan, Tribe of Naphtali, Tribe of Gad, Tribe of Asher, Tribe of Joseph, and Tribe of Benjamin]: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them” (Genesis 49:28).

Israel will also be a light to the Gentiles. “Thus saith the Lord God; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her” (Ezekiel 5:5).

“But inasmuch as they keep not my commandments, and hearken not to observe all my words, the kingdoms of the world shall prevail against them.
“For they were set to be a light unto the world, and to be the saviors of men” (D&C 103:8-9).

“Therefore it shall come to pass that whosoever will not believe in my words, who am Jesus Christ, which the Father shall cause him to bring forth unto the Gentiles, and shall give unto him power that he shall bring them forth unto the Gentiles, (it shall be done even as Moses said) they shall be cut off from among my people who are of the covenant” (3 Nephi 21:11).

The servant will be the Lord’s salvation to the Earth.

“The servant has a role to play with both the house of Israel and the Gentiles. Among the house of Israel the servant’s responsibility is ‘to bring Jacob again to [God]’ and ‘to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel’ (Isaiah 49:5–6).”[4]

“He is to be God’s “salvation unto the end of the earth” (Isaiah 49:6). In his responsibilities God has prepared him with the qualities that will enable him to be an instrument in God’s hands.”[5]

Even though there will be those who hate the Servant, there will be kings and princes who will worship him, “because of the Lord that is faithful” (1 Nephi 21:7).

The Lord said when an acceptable time comes, He will hear them. In the day of salvation He will help and preserve them, giving them his servant as a covenant to the people.

“And when that day shall come, it shall come to pass that kings shall shut their mouths; for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider.
“For in that day, for my sake shall the Father work a work, which shall be a great and a marvelous work among them; and there shall be among them those who will not believe it, although a man shall declare it unto them.
“But behold, the life of my servant shall be in my hand; therefore they shall not hurt him, although he shall be marred because of them. Yet I will heal him, for I will show unto them that my wisdom is greater than the cunning of the devil.
“Therefore it shall come to pass that whosoever will not believe in my words, who am Jesus Christ, which the Father shall cause him to bring forth unto the Gentiles, and shall give unto him power that he shall bring them forth unto the Gentiles, (it shall be done even as Moses said) they shall be cut off from among my people who are of the covenant” (3 Nephi 21:8-11).

This covenant will “establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages” (1 Nephi 21:8).

The servant will speak to prisoners at that time. Christ referred to this in Nazareth. “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised” (Luke 4:18).

Paul told the Romans…

“For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord’s.
“For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living” (Romans 14:8-9).

Speaking to the Jewish leaders, He made it clear “[t]he hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live” (John 5:25).

Peter wrote about His ministry to the dead.

“For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:
“By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison” (1 Peter 3:18-19).

He will go to those who are in darkness. Lehi, speaking to his son, Joseph, taught, “Wherefore, Joseph truly saw our day. And he obtained a promise of the Lord, that out of the fruit of his loins the Lord God would raise up a righteous branch unto the house of Israel; not the Messiah, but a branch which was to be broken off, nevertheless, to be remembered in the covenants of the Lord that the Messiah should be made manifest unto them in the latter days, in the spirit of power, unto the bringing of them out of darkness unto light-yea, out of hidden darkness and out of captivity unto freedom” (2 Nephi 3:9).

These who are in darkness will feed in the Lord’s pastures. “I will feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel” (Ezekiel 34:14).

“And he gathereth his children from the four quarters of the earth; and he numbereth his sheep, and they know him; and there shall be one fold and one shepherd; and he shall feed his sheep, and in him they shall find pasture” (1 Nephi 22:25).

They will be in high places. They will suffer from the heat and the Sun. They will neither be hungry nor experience thirst. He will guide them by springs of water.

“This passage refers to the Lord’s blessings for those who are returning from exile, as well as for those returning from spiritual bondage. In physical captivity, exiles suffer from hunger and thirst. The heat of the sun threatens them. Spiritual exiles thirst for gospel truth and peace. The Lord protects and nourishes them. In all circumstances, it is only through Christ that spiritual hunger can be satisfied (John 6:35; Alma 31:38; 32:42; 3 Nephi 12:6; 20:8). The expression “springs of water” symbolizes living water (Isaiah 35:6–7; 41:17–18; 43:19–20), or Jesus Christ.”[6]

The mountains will be made a way and highways exalted. “Go through, go through the gates; prepare ye the way of the people; cast up, cast up the highway; gather out the stones; lift up a standard for the people” (Isaiah 62:10).

The house of Israel will come from all directions.

“Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west;
“I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth;
“Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him” (Isaiah 43:5-7).

When the happens, the heavens are told to sing. “Sing, O ye heavens; for the Lord hath done it: shout, ye lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein: for the Lord hath redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel” (Isaiah 44:23).

The Earth is to be joyful for Israel returns. Mountain should sing as they will no longer be smitten. The Lord will comfort His people and have mercy on the afflicted. “And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down” (2 Samuel 22:28).

While Zion will claim the Lord has forsaken and forgotten Israel, He will show he hasn’t.

For can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? Yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee, O house of Israel.

Cana woman forget her child? Would she not have compassion on her son? Israel may forget, but the Lord will remember.

“Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, [IE Israel’s erstwhile strong enemies] and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
“Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the Lord, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel.
“When the poor and needy seek water, and there is none, and their tongue faileth for thirst, I the Lord will hear them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them” (Isaiah 41:15-17).

“Thus we see how quick the children of men do forget the Lord their God, yea, how quick to do iniquity, and to be led away by the evil one” (Alma 46:8).

“And now, verily I say unto you, and what I say unto one I say unto all, be of good cheer, little children; for I am in your midst, and I have not forsaken you: (D&C 61:36).

He will have marks on His palms. Isaiah tells us we belong to the Lord; we are the marks on His crucified palms.[7] “And one shall say unto him, What are these wounds in thine hands? Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends” (Zechariah 13:6).

Israel’s children must flee their destroyers. If they fail to do so, “wast shall go forth of thee” (1 Nephi 21:17).

“And my people who are a remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles, yea, in the midst of them as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep, who, if he go through both treadeth down and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver.
“Their hand shall be lifted up upon their adversaries, and all their enemies shall be cut off.
“Yea, wo be unto the Gentiles except they repent; for it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Father, that I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots;
“And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strongholds;
“And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thy land, and thou shalt have no more soothsayers;
“Thy graven images I will also cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of thee, and thou shalt no more worship the works of thy hands;
“And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee; so will I destroy thy cities.
“And it shall come to pass that all lyings, and deceivings, and envyings, and strifes, and priestcrafts, and whoredoms, shall be done away.
“For it shall come to pass, saith the Father, that at that day whosoever will not repent and come unto my Beloved Son, them will I cut off from among my people, O house of Israel” (3 Nephi 21:13-20)

Many will gather against Israel and will come upon them.

“Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion.
“But they know not the thoughts of the Lord, neither understand they his counsel: for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the floor.
“Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the Lord, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth” (Micah 4:11-13).

“We can clothe our creative works with meekness and humility ‘as with an ornament, and bind them on even as a bride’ (1 Nephi 21:18; compare Isaiah 49:18). As we pry the bondage of pride from our hearts, Hammarskjöld says that we can realize our individuality, ‘becoming a bridge for others, a stone in the temple of righteousness.’”[8]

The waste, desolate places, the land of destruction will be narrow because of the inhabitants. Those that will fight them will be kept far away.

Israel will again hear His word. “And I will be found of you, saith the Lord: and I will turn away your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places whither I have driven you, saith the Lord; and I will bring you again into the place whence I caused you to be carried away captive” (Jeremiah 29:14).

“Let the redeemed of the Lord say so, whom he hath redeemed from the hand of the enemy;
“And gathered them out of the lands, from the east, and from the west, from the north, and from the south” (Psalms 107:2-3).

“And after the house of Israel should be scattered they should be gathered together again; or, in fine, after the Gentiles had received the fulness of the Gospel, the natural branches of the olive tree, or the remnants of the house of Israel, should be grafted in, or come to the knowledge of the true Messiah, their Lord and their Redeemer” (1 Nephi 10:14).

It will be said in his heart, “[w]ho hath begotten me these…” (1 Nephi 21:21). He is desolate and a captive.

“Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the Lord” (Isaiah 54:1).

“For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband” (Galatians 4:27).

“[W]e note compelling allusions to servitude in the desert. The reference to ‘children’ born while one is ‘a captive’ (1 Nephi 21:21; compare Isaiah 49:21) could certainly be understood as pointing to Jacob and Joseph, children born to Lehi and Sariah in the wilderness. Moreover, the remark about the one who would ‘deal very treacherously’ but from whom the Lord will ‘defer [his] anger . . . that [he] cut [him] not off’ could apply not only to Nephi’s older brothers but also to a desert tribesman to whom Lehi’s family owed temporary allegiance (1 Nephi 20:8–9; compare Isaiah 48:8–9).”[9]

Then the Lord will turn to the gentiles.

“For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory.
“And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.
“And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the Lord out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the Lord, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the Lord” (Isaiah 66:18-20).

Here we learn what is meant by “Tarshish, Pul, Lud, Tubal, and Javan.”

Tarshish

Tarshish, the precise location of which is unknown, was probably a prosperous and bustling Mediterranean seaport. Through Tarshish, Solomon imported luxury items, including gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks (1 Kings 10:22). Perhaps because of the city’s wealth and affluence, the destruction of Tarshish and its ships symbolizes the Lord’s judgment on the proud and arrogant (Psalm 48:7; Isaiah 23:1, 14).[10]

Pul

Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul), king of Assyria[11]

Lud

Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow; which some take to be the same with Put and Lud, or Lybia and Lydia, which go together, Jeremiah 46:9 both countries in Africa, famous for archery; and the Vulgate Latin version renders it Africa and Lydia; though Bochart, and after him Vitringa, take Pul to be the same with Philas, an island upon the Nile, above Syene, between Ethiopia and Egypt, of which Diodorus SiculusF13 and StraboF14 make mention; or Elephantine, the same with Phil, near the other. Kimchi interprets those that draw the bow of the Turks.”[12]

Tubal

“The Old Testament and Pearl of Great Price introduce Tubal-cain as “an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron” (Genesis 4:22; Moses 5:46). The name Cain (qayin) in Hebrew means “smith,”17 and “Tubal” is a prominent iron locality cited in Ezekiel 27:13. Since Tubal-cain is the sixth-generation descendant of Cain and Noah is the eighth generation from Seth, these scriptures imply a date for ironworking prior to the great flood and place Tubal-cain over two millennia before the beginning of the so-called Iron Age in the eastern Mediterranean (1200 b.c.).”[13]

Javan

Son of Japheth; regarded as the founder of the Greek race.[14]

He will establish his standard.

“And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it [OR unto him] shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.
“And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
“And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth” (Isaiah 11:10-12).

“All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountains; and when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye” (Isaiah 18:3).

“And the Lord their God shall save them in that day as the flock of his people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up as an ensign upon his land” (Zechariah 9:16).

The Lord will bring the sons their arms and the daughters will be carried on their shoulders.

The physical fulfillment of Isaiah’s words occurred after World War II. The state of Israel was established. From Gentiles will come things of great value. They will bring the blessings and keys and covenants of the gospel to the house of Israel.[15]

“And after our seed is scattered the Lord God will proceed to do a marvelous work among the Gentiles, which shall be of great worth unto our seed; wherefore, it is likened unto their being nourished by the Gentiles and being carried in their arms and upon their shoulders” (1 Nephi 22:8).

“And it shall come to pass that they shall be gathered in from their long dispersion, from the isles of the sea, and from the four parts of the earth; and the nations of the Gentiles shall be great in the eyes of me, saith God, in carrying them forth to the lands of their inheritance.
“Yea, the kings of the Gentiles shall be nursing fathers unto them, and their queens shall become nursing mothers; wherefore, the promises of the Lord are great unto the Gentiles, for he hath spoken it, and who can dispute?
“But behold, this land, said God, shall be a land of thine inheritance, and the Gentiles shall be blessed upon the land” (2 Nephi 9:8-10).

Through this nation the message of salvation will go forth. It will be as though we treated them to a royal banquet.[16]

Nephi gives us an image of kindness shown by the Gentiles to the house of Israel – carrying them in their arms and nursing them.[17]

Kings will be His nursing fathers.

“The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the Lord, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel.
“Whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations.
“Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the Lord am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob” (Isaiah 60:14-16).

“Nevertheless, after they shall be nursed by the Gentiles, and the Lord has lifted up his hand upon the Gentiles and set them up for a standard, and their children have been carried in their arms, and their daughters have been carried upon their shoulders, behold these things of which are spoken are temporal; for thus are the covenants of the Lord with our fathers; and it meaneth us in the days to come, and also all our brethren who are of the house of Israel” (1 Nephi 22:6).

Queens will be His nursing mothers. They will bow before Him and know he is Lord. Those that wait for Him will not be ashamed.

“Whoso keepeth the fig tree shall eat the fruit thereof: so he that waiteth on his master shall be honoured” (Provers 27:18).

“Wherefore, they that fight against Zion and the covenant people of the Lord shall lick up the dust of their feet; and the people of the Lord shall not be ashamed. For the people of the Lord are they who wait for him; for they still wait for the coming of the Messiah” (2 Nephi 6:13).

“Waiting patiently on the Lord, for your prayers have entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth[18], and are recorded with this seal and testament-the Lord hath sworn and decreed that they shall be granted” (D&C 98:2).

“Yea, let the cry go forth among all people: Awake and arise and go forth to meet the Bridegroom; behold and lo, the Bridegroom cometh; go ye out to meet him. Prepare yourselves for the great day of the Lord.
“Watch, therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour…
“For since the beginning of the world have not men heard nor perceived by the ear, neither hath any eye seen, O God, besides thee, how great things thou hast prepared for him that waiteth for thee” (D&C 133:10-11, 45)

Isaiah asks, “shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captives delivered” (1 Nephi 21:24). In verse 25 the Lord answers, “the captives of the mighty will be taken away.” The terrible prey will be deliver. The Lord will contend with those which contend with Him and the children will be saved.

Those that oppose the faithful will be fed their own flesh.

“And it came to pass that I beheld that the wrath of God was poured out upon that great and abominable church, insomuch that there were wars and rumors of wars among all the nations and kindreds of the earth.
“And as there began to be wars and rumors of wars among all the nations which belonged to the mother of abominations, the angel spake unto me, saying: Behold, the wrath of God is upon the mother of harlots; and behold, thou seest all these things-
“And when the day cometh that the wrath of God is poured out upon the mother of harlots, which is the great and abominable church of all the earth, whose founder is the devil, then, at that day, the work of the Father shall commence, in preparing the way for the fulfilling of his covenants, which he hath made to his people who are of the house of Israel” (1 Nephi 14:15-17).

“And the blood of that great and abominable church, which is the whore of all the earth, shall turn upon their own heads; for they shall war among themselves, and the sword of their own hands shall fall upon their own heads, and they shall be drunken with their own blood.
“And every nation which shall war against thee, O house of Israel, shall be turned one against another, and they shall fall into the pit which they digged to ensnare the people of the Lord. And all that fight against Zion shall be destroyed, and that great whore, who hath perverted the right ways of the Lord, yea, that great and abominable church, shall tumble to the dust and great shall be the fall of it” (1 Nephi 22:13-14).

“And behold, according to the words of the prophet, the Messiah will set himself again the second time to recover them; wherefore, he will manifest himself unto them in power and great glory, unto the destruction of their enemies, when that day cometh when they shall believe in him; and none will he destroy that believe in him.
“And they that believe not in him shall be destroyed, both by fire, and by tempest, and by earthquakes, and by bloodsheds, and by pestilence, and by famine. And they shall know that the Lord is God, the Holy One of Israel.
“For shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive delivered?
“But thus saith the Lord: Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be delivered; for the Mighty God shall deliver his covenant people. For thus saith the Lord: I will contend with them that contendeth with thee-
“And I will feed them that oppress thee, with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine; and all flesh shall know that I the Lord am thy Savior and thy Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob” (2 Nephi 6:14-18).

They will be drunk on their own blood as though it was a wine. All Jacob will know He is their Savior.

“And it came to pass that there was a man among them whose name was Abinadi; and he went forth among them, and began to prophesy, saying: Behold, thus saith the Lord, and thus hath he commanded me, saying, Go forth, and say unto this people, thus saith the Lord-Wo be unto this people, for I have seen their abominations, and their wickedness, and their whoredoms; and except they repent I will visit them in mine anger.
“And except they repent and turn to the Lord their God, behold, I will deliver them into the hands of their enemies; yea, and they shall be brought into bondage; and they shall be afflicted by the hand of their enemies.
“And it shall come to pass that they shall know that I am the Lord their God, and am a jealous God, visiting the iniquities of my people” (Mosiah 11:20-22).


[1] Information in this chapter comes from Christ’s Interpretation of Isaiah 52’s “My Servant” in 3 Nephi., Gaye Strathearn and Jacob Moody, Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 18/1 (2009): 5-15.
[2] Bowels of Mercy, John Durham Peters, BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 4 (1999): 28.
[3] The Image of the Hand of God in the Book of Mormon and the Old Testament, David Rolph Seely, Maxwell Institute website.
[4] Christ’s Interpretation of Isaiah 52’s “My Servant” in 3 Nephi, Gaye Strathearn and Jacob Moody,  Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 18/1 (2009): 4.
[5] Ibid., pg. 6.
[6] Blessings and Duties of the Righteous, Visualizing Isaiah – Blessings: 67, Maxwell Institute website.
[7] Discussions on the Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 19-22, KBYU, Dr. Robert L. Millet.
[8] Beauty on the Mountains: Inspiration from the Book of Mormon for LDS Writers, Cynthia Hallen.  Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 14/1 (2005): 107.
[9] Refining the Spotlight on Lehi and Sariah, S. Kent Brown, Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 15/2 (2006): 53.
[10] Ancient Israel’s Neighbors – Visualizing Isaiah:26, Maxwell Institute website.
[11] Book of Mormon Event Structure: The Ancient Near East, Robert F. Smith, Maxwell Institute website.
[12] studylight.com
[13] Metals of the Book of Mormon, Wm. Revell Phillips. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 9/2 (2000): 39.
[14] Bible Dictionary, Javan entry.
[15] Discussions on the Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 19-22, KBYU, Dr. Victor Ludlow.
[16] Discussions on the Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 19-22, KBYU, Dr. Robert L. Millet.
[17] Discussions on the Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 19-22, KBYU, Dr. Thomas Wayment.
[18] Sabaoth – Hosts; Lord of Hosts; Lord of Sabath was another name for Jehovah (Bible Dictionary, Sabaoth entry).

Thursday, January 30, 2020

1 Nephi 20


Chapter 20

The Lord reveals His purposes to Israel-Israel has been chosen in the furnace of affliction and is to go forth from Babylon-Compare Isaiah 48. About 588–570 B.C.

Let’s look at some background before studying Chapter 20.

The northern tribe are gone. The southern kingdom was almost destroyed by the Assyrians. They Jews are now a humble people, ready to be taught.

Isaiah is teaching a new people residing in Jerusalem. Nephi is also teaching a new people, his family in the promised land.

The people are now ready to be taught about the covenant relationship. They are to remember, harken, hear, and listen.[1]

This is addressed to Israel, those who have come forth out of the waters of baptism and swear by the name of the Lord. “Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear by his name” (Deuteronomy 6:13).

They mention the Lord, but don’t swear in truth and righteousness. “And thou shalt swear, The Lord liveth, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory” (Jeremiah 4:2).

“And though they say, The Lord liveth; surely they swear falsely” (Jeremiah 5:2).

“The introduction to Isaiah 48 serves, in a way, as an introduction to the purpose of all prophecy. God reveals future events through his prophets so that when those events transpire, people will not attribute them to natural (or even to supernatural but likewise ungodly) causes, but will recognize his supervening hand in human affairs…

“In 1 Nephi 20:1 (Isaiah 48:1) the information that the ‘house of Jacob’ had come ‘out of the waters of baptism’ is restored to the text…”[2]

“Obviously, Isaiah had anticipated a time when corrupt officials would rule people in [Jerusalem], a situation that Lehi experienced in his day. And it seems evident that Nephi had seen the relevance of such passages to the family’s situation … One finds further reference to the corruption and iniquity in the city when Lehi began his preaching. Of that day, Isaiah holds that the citizens of Jerusalem will ‘swear by the name of the Lord, and make mention of the God of Israel, yet they swear not in truth nor in righteousness. Nevertheless, they call themselves of the holy city, but they do not stay themselves upon the God of Israel’ (1 Nephi 20:1–2). Of such wickedness among persons in Jerusalem, Nephi later said that ‘their works were works of darkness, and their doings were doings of abominations’ (2 Nephi 25:2).”[3]

The Jews call themselves “the holy city.” “Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean” (Isaiah 52:1).

Though they call themselves “the holy city,” they turn away from the God of Israel.

The Lord has, through His prophets, declared things from the beginning, showing them suddenly. “Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them” (Isaiah 42:9).

“Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me,
“Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure” (Isaiah 46:9-10).

“The sealed portion [of the Book of Mormon] will establish once and for all that God does know all things from the beginning and has revealed them periodically to his prophets so that the people will not give credit to idols or men for his great works on the earth (see 1 Nephi 19:23; 20:3–7; Isaiah 48:3–7).”[4]

He did these things because He knows they are an obstinate and stubborn people, with necks like iron.

“The introduction to Isaiah 48 serves, in a way, as an introduction to the purpose of all prophecy. God reveals future events through his prophets so that when those events transpire, people will not attribute them to natural (or even to supernatural but likewise ungodly) causes, but will recognize his supervening hand in human affairs. As stated by Isaiah, ‘Before it came to pass I showed them thee . . . for fear lest thou shouldst say-Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image hath commanded them’ (1 Nephi 20:5).”[5]

They have seen and heard all of Isaiah’s teachings of the Lord’s words. Why, he asks, won’t they declare His words? “For though I preach the gospel, I have nothing to glory of: for necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel” (1 Corinthians 9:16).

The Jews have seen new things, hidden things. Yet, they did not know them. They neither heard or know, as they refused to listen to His words. They were called “a transgressor from the womb” (1 Nephi 20:8). “The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies” (Psalms 58:3).

The Lord promises he will defer His anger towards this people, for His names sake. “For the Lord will not forsake his people for his great name’s sake: because it hath pleased the Lord to make you his people” (1 Samuel 12:22).

“He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name’s sake” (Psalms 23:3).

“I write unto you, little children, because your sins are forgiven you for [GR because of, through] his name’s sake” (1 John 2:12).

However, He will withhold His praise. Even so, they will not be cut off.

The Lord refined His people through the furnace of affliction. “Indeed, the righteous are purified as silver or gold in the furnace (see Psalm 12:6; Proverbs 17:3; 27:21; Isaiah 48:10 [see 1 Nephi 20:10]; 1 Corinthians 3:12–15).”[6]

“At times it may seem that our trials are focused on areas of our lives and parts of our souls with which we seem least able to cope. Since personal growth is an intended outcome of these challenges, it should come as no surprise that the trials can be very personal-almost laser guided to our particular needs or weaknesses. And no one is exempt, especially not Saints striving to do what’s right. Some obedient Saints may ask, ‘Why me? I’m trying to be good! Why is the Lord allowing this to happen?’ The furnace of affliction helps purify even the very best of Saints by burning away the dross in their lives and leaving behind pure gold. Even very rich ore needs refining to remove impurities. Being good is not enough. We want to become like the Savior, who learned as He suffered ‘pains and afflictions and temptations of every kind.’”[7]

He does this for His own sake. He will not allow His name to be polluted, nor will He give His glory to another. “I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images” (Isaiah 42:8).

“In the KJV, Isaiah 48:11 reads, ‘for how should my name be polluted?’ while 1 Nephi 20:11 reads,
‘for I will not suffer my name to be polluted.’ The Isaiah scroll supports the Book of Mormon by having the verb in the first person, as follows:
·        “‘should my name be polluted?’ (KJV, Isaiah 48:11).
·        “‘for how can I be polluted’ (Isaiah scroll, Isaiah 48:11).
·        “‘for I will not suffer my name to be polluted’ (Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 20:11 = Isaiah 48:11).”[8]

The House of Jacob is called on to listen to His words. “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last” (Revelation 22:13).

He laid the foundation of the earth and His right hand spanned the heavens. “Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands” (Psalms 102:25)

“Let them praise the name of the Lord: for he commanded, and they were created.
“He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass.
“Praise the Lord from the earth, ye dragons [HEB sea monsters], and all deeps:
“Fire, and hail; snow, and vapour; stormy wind fulfilling his word:
“Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars:
“Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl” (Psalms 148:5-10).

The Lord commands the people to assemble and hear His word. He asks, “who among them hath declared by them.” (1 Nephi 20:14). The Lord has declared these things and His word will be fulfilled. “Blessed be the Lord, that hath given rest unto his people Israel, according to all that he promised: there hath not failed one word of all his good promise, which he promised by the hand of Moses his servant” (1 Kings 8:56).

“And behold, I, the Lord, declare unto you, and my words are sure and shall not fail, that they shall obtain it” (D&C 64:13).

“His purposes fail not, neither are there any who can stay his hand” (D&C 76:3).

The Lord had spoken and He has “called him to declare, I have brought him, and he shall make his way prosperous” (1 Nephi 20:15).

Who is this “him” of whom the Lord speaks?

“Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden [OR strengthened], to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates [OR double door]; and the gates shall not be shut;
“I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron:
“And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, the Lord, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel.
“For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me” (Isaiah 45:1-4).

The Lord has not spoken in secret. “I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the Lord speak righteousness, I declare things that are right” (Isaiah 45:19).

Isaiah reminds them he speaks the words of the Lord, the Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. He declares words to their profit and how the Lord leads them where they go.

They should have listened to the Lord’s commandments. “Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man’s heart discerneth both time and judgment” (Ecclesiastes 8:5). There has been peace like a river and their righteousness like the waves of the sea.

Their seed were like the sand; their offspring like gravel. No one should have been cut off or destroyed before Him.

“In addition to inviting Nephi’s illuminating commentary, the Book of Mormon text of Isaiah 48 fulfills the other purpose mentioned earlier by correcting two major errors that appeared in later biblical manuscripts and that were carried over into the King James Version of Isaiah. In 1 Nephi 20:1 (Isaiah 48:1) the information that the ‘house of Jacob’ had come ‘out of the waters of baptism’ is restored to the text, and in verse 2 the statement that the people of the holy city ‘stay themselves upon the God of Israel’ is corrected to the exact opposite-they ‘do not stay themselves on the God of Israel.’ This correction is important because it is consistent with the message that follows-that if the people had not broken the covenant, the house of Israel would not have been scattered (see 1 Nephi 20:18–19).”[9]

Isaiah tells them the Lord wants them to flee from the Chaldeans.

“Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the Lord’s vengeance; he will render unto her a recompence…
“And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the nations shall not flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.
“My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the Lord” (Jeremiah 51:6, 44-45).

When they leave, they should do so with a “voice of singing.” (1 Nephi 20:20). All ends of the Earth should be told “The Lord hath redeemed his servant Jacob” (1 Nephi 20:20).

“Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen:
“Thus saith the Lord that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen.
“Remember these [IE these things], O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of me” (Isaiah 44:1-2, 21).

“For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me” (Isaiah 45:4).

As they fled Babylon, they didn’t thirst though they were led through deserts.

“He turneth rivers into a wilderness, and the watersprings into dry ground;
“A fruitful land into barrenness, for the wickedness of them that dwell therein.
“He turneth the wilderness into a standing water, and dry ground into watersprings.
“And there he maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may prepare a city for habitation;
“And sow the fields, and plant vineyards, which may yield fruits of increase” (Psalms 107:33-37).

“When the poor and needy seek water, and there is none, and their tongue faileth for thirst, I the Lord will hear them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them.
“I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.
“I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah [OR acacia] tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine [HEB ash tree], and the box tree together:
“That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of the Lord hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it” (Isaiah 41:17-20).

Moses caused waters to flow from the rock. He hit the rock and waters gushed out. “Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel” (Exodus 17:6).

“And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also” (Numbers 20:11).

“Yea, and ye also know that Moses, by his word according to the power of God which was in him, smote the rock, and there came forth water, that the children of Israel might quench their thirst” (1 Nephi 17:29).

“And now, my brethren, I have spoken plainly that ye cannot err. And as the Lord God liveth that brought Israel up out of the land of Egypt, and gave unto Moses power that he should heal the nations after they had been bitten by the poisonous serpents, if they would cast their eyes unto the serpent which he did raise up before them, and also gave him power that he should smite the rock and the water should come forth; yea, behold I say unto you, that as these things are true, and as the Lord God liveth, there is none other name given under heaven save it be this Jesus Christ, of which I have spoken, whereby man can be saved” (2 Nephi 25:20).

“The image of God, the rock, and the water … is a reminder that both the rock and the water are symbols of Yahweh. He is like a rock, permanent, lofty, immovable, and steadfast. Yahweh is ‘the rock’ (Deuteronomy 32:4), ‘the rock of his [Jeshurun’s] salvation’ (Deuteronomy 32:15), ‘the rock of Israel’ (2 Samuel 23:3), ‘my rock and my salvation’ (Psalm 62:2, 6), and ‘the rock of my refuge’ (Psalm 94:22). And Yahweh is the ‘fountain of living waters’ (Jeremiah 2:13; cf. also Isaiah 12:2-3; 33:21; 55:1). He provides both the actual water for Israel to invigorate and renew their souls in the dry desert of Horeb, and he is the representation of spiritual waters, or spiritual life. Later traditions recall this great occurrence at the rock (Psalm 78:15-16, 20; 105:41; 114:8; Isaiah 48:21).”[10]

In spite of all Moses had done, there is no peace for the wicked. “And the way of peace have they not known” (Romans 3:17).


[1] Discussions on the Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 19-22, KBYU.
[2] Pattern and Purpose of the Isaiah Commentaries in the Book of Mormon, Garold N. Davis, Maxwell Institute website.
[3] A Case for Lehi’s Bondage in Arabia, S. Kent Brown, Maxwell Institute website.
[4] Other Ancient American Records Yet to Come Forth, Monte S. Nyman, Maxwell Institute website.
[5] Pattern and Purpose of the Isaiah Commentaries in the Book of Mormon, Garold N. Davis, Maxwell Institute website.
[6] As a Garment in a Hot Furnace, John A. Tvedtnes, Maxwell Institute website.
[7] More Than Conquerors through Him That Loved Us, Elder Paul V. Johnson, April 2011 General Conference.
[8] Worthy of Another Look: The Great Isaiah Scroll and the Book of Mormon, Donald W. Parry and Stephen D. Ricks, Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 20/2 (2011): 80.
[9] Pattern and Purpose of the Isaiah Commentaries in the Book of Mormon, Garold N. Davis, Maxwell Institute website.
[10] Sinai as Sanctuary and Mountain of God, Donald W. Parry, Provo, Utah, Reprinted by permission from By Study and Also By Faith vol. 1 in Essays in Honor of Hugh Nibley on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday (1990): 482—500.