Friday, February 21, 2020

2 Nephi 4:11-14


11 And after he had made an end of speaking unto them, he spake unto Sam, saying: Blessed art thou, and thy seed; for thou shalt inherit the land like unto thy brother Nephi. And thy seed shall be numbered with his seed; and thou shalt be even like unto thy brother, and thy seed like unto his seed; and thou shalt be blessed in all thy days.
12 And it came to pass after my father, Lehi, had spoken unto all his household, according to the feelings of his heart and the Spirit of the Lord which was in him, he waxed old. And it came to pass that he died, and was buried.
13 And it came to pass that not many days after his death, Laman and Lemuel and the sons of Ishmael were angry with me because of the admonitions of the Lord.
14 For I, Nephi, was constrained to speak unto them, according to his word; for I had spoken many things unto them, and also my father, before his death; many of which sayings are written upon mine other plates; for a more history part are written upon mine other plates.

Earlier, Lehi had spoken, briefly, to Sam.  “And now my son, Laman, and also Lemuel and Sam, and also my sons who are the sons of Ishmael, behold, if ye will hearken unto the voice of Nephi ye shall not perish.  And if ye will hearken unto him I leave unto you a blessing, yea, even my first blessing” (2 Nephi 1:28).  He know gives Sam his blessing.

We know virtually nothing of Sam.  He’s the third son, just older than Nephi.  John Sorenson gives us this description of Sam.

“Sam was the shy and retiring one of the four brothers, it appears. Though older than Nephi, he followed him consistently (1 Nephi 2:17). He may not have been very assertive; at least one would have thought that when Laman and Lemuel ‘did smite us [two] even with a rod’ (1 Nephi 3:28-29) that he could have combined efforts with Nephi (who was ‘large in stature’) to prevent the beating. Furthermore, Sam was as frightened as Laman and Lemuel when Nephi, dressed in Laban's clothes and accompanied by Zoram, approached them at night (1 Nephi 4:28). Perhaps his retiring if not passive nature is why his father in his final blessing (2 Nephi 4:11), while saluting Sam's good heart and behavior, could see that his descendants would not survive as a distinct entity but would be incorporated into Nephi's tribe.”[1]

Unlike his other brothers, Sam’s descendants will not be a tribe of their own.  “[Sam’s descendants] shall be numbered with [Nephi’s] seed” (2 Nephi 4:11).  ““Now the people which were not Lamanites were Nephites; nevertheless, they were called Nephites, Jacobites, Josephites, Zoramites, Lamanites, Lemuelites, and Ishmaelites” (Jacob 1:13).  Notice Sam’s name is not included in Jacob’s listing of the tribes.

While Nephi tells us little about Sam, Alma2 does mention him.  The Lamanites joined the Amlicites in their rebellion against the Nephites.  To distinguish themselves from the Nephites, the Amlicites “were distinguished from the Nephites, for they had marked themselves with red in their foreheads after the manner of the Lamanites” (Alma 3:4).  Explaining that the Amlicites did this because of the curse that came upon Laman and Lemuel for their rebellion, we read that this rebellion was against their brethren “who consisted of Nephi, Jacob, and Joseph, and Sam, who were just and holy men” (Alma 3:6).

Thanks to Alma2’s record, we learn Sam was a “just and holy [man].” 

With Sam’s blessing, Lehi had finished his blessings, teachings, and words to his family.  Sometime after this, Nephi tells us Lehi died and was buried.

John Sorenson observes:

“Second Nephi opens with Lehi teaching his family. His historical resumé in 2 Nephi 1:1-5 sounds like only a short time had passed since the landing, for he speaks entirely about what had transpired en route. His valedictory continues through chapter 3. In 2 Nephi 4:12, the record abruptly states that after Lehi had spoken those things to his household, ‘he waxed old’ and died. My impression is that Lehi lived no more than a couple of years in America and perhaps less than one. In that case his age at death could have been as early as fifty-seven. Considering the arduous circumstances he faced in the last dozen years of his life and especially the intimation in 1 Nephi 18:17-18 that he was viewed as being somewhat sickly, this seemingly premature death is not really surprising.”[2]

In Nephi’s record, we have an account of the blessings Lehi gave to Laman, Lemuel, the children of Laman and Lemuel, the sons of Ishmael, Zoram, Joseph, Jacob, and Sam.  One name is missing from the list – Nephi’s.

Why didn’t Nephi leave a record of the blessing he received from Lehi?  It’s possible Lehi didn’t give Nephi a blessing.  Evidence does not support this explanation.  Lehi gave all his sons along with some of his grandchildren, his sons-in-law as well as a Laban’s slave who was not a formal member of the family.  (No doubt Zoram was accepted as a member of the family.)  If all these people received a specific blessing, it doesn’t make sense that Nephi would not have received a blessing since the record tells us that, based on Laman and Lemuel’s wickedness, he would receive the first-born’s blessing.

In the book Understanding the Book of Mormon, Grant Hardy looks at the question, “Why did Nephi leave his blessing out of his record?”  While we don’t the actual reason, Hardy speculates that Lehi charged Nephi with keeping the family together.  He did not want to see his family separate into different groups.  As we will see, the family did separate shortly after Lehi’s death.  Hardy suggests it’s Nephi’s failure to keep the family together that kept him from recording his blessing. 

Regardless of the reason, it is strange that Nephi would ignore his blessing when making his second set of plates.

Little time passed before the problems between Nephi and Laman, Lemuel, and the sons of Ishmael became serious.  We read that that they “were angry with [Nephi] because of the admonitions of the Lord” (2 Nephi 4:13).  Once again, the same group is angered by Nephi preaching the word of the Lord and calling them to repentance.

Nephi did record his words, but they were recorded on the other set of plates. The foundations for the separation of the family have been laid.


[1] The Composition of Lehi's Family, John L. Sorenson, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute.
[2] Ibid.

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